【作者】 王鹏；

【导师】 刘春生；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用田间调查、土壤样品分析测试和田间试验方法,系统分析了岱岳区冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系的施肥状况和土壤养分状况,研究了冬小麦-夏玉米的肥料效益,并构建了养分丰缺指标体系,提出了推荐施肥量,研究结果如下:1.岱岳区冬小麦氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为334.2kg/hm2、217kg/hm2、18.8kg/hm2,有机肥用量为21.9kg/hm2。夏玉米氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为399.5kg/hm2、182.5kg/hm2、19kg/hm2,有机肥用量为18.7kg/hm2。在冬小麦上施肥整体表现为“氮肥、磷肥过量,钾肥不足”,在夏玉米上施肥整体表现为“氮肥过量、磷肥严重过量,钾肥不足”。2.岱岳区土壤pH值为6.60,与第二次土壤普查相比,增加了 7.03%;土壤有机质含量为11.48g/kg、全氮含量0.87g/kg、有效磷含量26.08mg/kg、有效钾含量86.54mg/kg,与第二次土壤普查相比,分别增加了 40.2%、49.1%、58.35%、33.16%;土壤微量元素含量较第二次土壤普查有所提高,但仍处在缺乏阶段。3.合理施肥对冬小麦、夏玉米具有增产效果,“3414”试验中,N3P2K2处理下冬小麦产量最高,产量达到8205kg/hm2,N2P3K2处理下夏玉米产量最高,产量达到7978.75kg/hm2。“3414”试验中,氮肥各水平肥料利用率为23.33%、24.96%、13.84%;磷肥各水平肥料利用率为16.08%、13.02%、7.31%;钾肥各水平肥料利用率为36.74%、31.76%、20.94%。冬小麦氮、磷素农学效率和氮肥偏生产力在2水平时达到最大值,钾素农学效率和磷、钾肥偏生产力在1水平时达到最大值;夏玉米的氮、磷、钾素农学效益和偏生产力都随着施肥量的增加而减小。4.根据土壤肥力状况和冬小麦、夏玉米需肥特性,建立了岱岳区冬小麦和夏玉米的推荐施肥指标体系。在土壤养分为极高等级时,冬小麦氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为150、0、Okg/hm2,夏玉米氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为180、0、Okg/hm2;土壤养分为高等级时,冬小麦氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为150-180、60-75、60-75kg/hm2,夏玉米氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为180-210、60-90、60-90kg/hm2;土壤养分为中等级时,冬小麦氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为 180-210、75-105、90-120kg/hm2,夏玉米氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为 210-240、90-105、90-120kg/hm2;土壤养分为低等级时,冬小麦氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为210-240、105-135、120-150kg/hm2,夏玉米氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量为 240-270、105-135、120-150kg/hm2。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the "3414" experiment,the soil nutrient status and the index system of nutrient deficiency in winter wheat summer maize cropping system in Daiyue district were studied.As results show that:1.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for winter wheat were 334.2kg/hm2,217kg/hm2 and 18.8kg/hm2,organic fertilizer for winter wheat 21.9kg/hm2.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for summer maize were 399.5kg/hm2,182.5kg/hm2 and 19kg/hm2,organic fertilizer for summer maize was 18.7kg/hm2.In winter wheat,the overall fertilization performance was "nitrogen fertilizer,excessive phosphorus fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer",and the overall fertilization on summer corn was "excessive nitrogen fertilizer,excessive phosphorus fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer".2.The pH value of soil in Daiyue district is 6.60,compared with the second Soil Census,increasing by 7.03%.Soil organic matter content was 11.48g/kg,total nitrogen content was 0.87g/kg,effective phosphorus content was 26.08mg/kg,effective potassium content was 86.54mg/kg,compared with the second Soil Census,respectively increased by 40.2%,49.1%,58.35%,33.16%;The content of trace elements in soil has improved compared with the second soil survey,but it is still in a short stage.3.The effect of reasonable fertilization on winter wheat and summer maize can increase yield.In the "3414" test,the yield of winter wheat was highest under N3P2K2 treatment,the yield reached 8205kg/hm,and the yield of summer maize was the highest under N2P3K2 treatment,and the yield reached 7978.75kg/hm2.In the "3414" test,the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate under different fertilization level was 23.33%,24.96%,13.84%;the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate under different fertilization level was 16.08%,13.02%,7.31%;the potash fertilizer utilization rate under different fertilization level was 36.74%,31.76%,20.94%.The nitrogen,phosphorus,agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of winter wheat reached the maximum at the 2 level,and the agronomic efficiency of potassium and the partial productivity of P and K reached the maximum at the 1 level;The N,P,K,agronomic and partial productivity of summer maize decreased with the increase of fertilizer amount.4.According to soil fertility status and fertilizer requirement of winter wheat and summer maize,the Recommended Fertilization Index System of winter wheat and summer maize in Daiyue district was established.When the soil nutrient was extremely high,the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for winter wheat was 150,0 and 0kg/hm2,and the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for summer maize was 180,0 and Okg/hm.When soil nutrients were high,the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for winter wheat was 150-180,60-75 and 60-75kg/hm 2,and the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for summer maize was 180-210,60-90 and 60-90kg/hm2;When soil nutrients were medium grade,the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for winter wheat was 180-210,75-105 and 90-120kg/hm2,and the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for summer maize was 210-240,90-105 and 90-120kg/hm2;When soil nutrients were low,the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for winter wheat was 210-240,105-135 and 120-150kg/hm2,and the recommended amount of nitrogen,phosphorusandpotassium fertilizer for summer maize was 240-270,105-135 and 120-150kg/hm2.更多还原