【作者】 孙琳；

【导师】 王海英；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 人体热适应性是人体热舒适的重要研究领域之一,热适应理论及模型的研究对于室内热环境参数的设定有着重要的意义。我国正处于经济高速发展的特殊时期,随着制造业的发展,工业厂房日益增多。现有的热适应模型主要针对教室、办公室、居家等类型的环境,而针对工业车间这类体力活动的调查研究较少,相关热适应模型也不够完善。针对上述问题,本文对企业车间开展热舒适现场调查,系统分析了夏季工人的热舒适性和适应性,建立了夏季企业车间的人体热适应模型,同时分析过渡季自然通风条件下和冬季采暖条件下工人的热舒适性,建立了全年企业车间人体热适应模型,并在该模型基础上给出了中度体力活动下工人的舒适温度范围。得到的主要结论如下:1)夏季受统一工装限制,工人的服装热阻基本保持在0.6clo-0.7clo之间,夏季通过服装的自身调节行为非常有限;过渡季、冬季工人可以根据自己的习性合理着衣改善热舒适。2)夏季实测中性温度高于PMV预测结果,工人对偏热环境具有适应性;冬季、过渡季实测中性温度低于PMV预测结果,说明PMV模型的预测与工人的热反应有偏差。3)各季节室内操作温度和室外平均温度均存在显著线性相关性。4)夏季工人对车间内的高温有较强的适应能力,对高温热环境的接受程度比现有理论预期的要高。针对此进行了分析,并建立了夏季的热适应模型。5)对全年数据进行了分析,建立了全年企业车间人体热适应模型,得到不同室外温度下中度体力活动下工人的舒适温度范围,可用于同类体力活动范围内室内热环境的评价,并为热环境的设计提供理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human adaptability is an important area of human thermal comfort studies.The study of thermal adaptation theory and model is of great significance to set workshop’s temperature.With the rapid economic development,industrial workshops are increasing.Most existing field studies were conducted mainly in classrooms,offices and residential buildings.Few investigate people taking physical activities in factories and the related thermal adaptation model is not perfect enough.To solve the above problem,the thermal comfort field studies were carried out in the workshop.The thermal response rule and adaptive behavior of workers are systematically analyzed in summer.The human adaptive models of enterprise workshops in summer are established.At the same time,the thermal comfort of the workers under the natural ventilation condition in the transition season and the heating condition in winter were analyzed.The yearly thermal adaptation model of the enterprise workshop was established,and the comfort temperature ranges are given.The main conclusions are listed as follows:1)In summer,restricted by working clothes,the clothing insulation of workers was between 0.6clo-0.7clo,which means regulating effect on thermal comfort by changing clothes is very limited.In the transition season and winter,workers can change their clothes according to their own habits to improve thermal comfort.2)The summer,the neutral temperature measured on spot is higher than that of PMV.It shows that the heat resistance of workers are higher than those predicted.The workers have certain adaptability to the thermal environment.In the transition season and winter,the neutral temperature measured on spot is lower than that of PMV.It indicates that the standard requirement data of PMV can not be fully applied to the workshop studied in this paper.3)The linearity relationship is significant between the operative temperature and outdoor temperature in every season.4)In summer,the workers have strong adaptability to high temperature in the workshop.And the acceptance of the high temperature environment is higher than the existing theoretical expectations.The adaptive model in summer was established.5)The whole year data are analyzed.The adaptive models of enterprise workshops at different temperatures are established.And the comfort temperature range of workers under moderate physical activity at different outdoor temperatures is given,which can be used to evaluate the indoor thermal environment of similar physical activity range and provide theoretical guidance for the design of thermal environment.更多还原