【作者】 朱琳；

【导师】 袁影；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 当今世界暗含着各种危机,在此背景下,针对危机报道的研究层出不穷,研究角度多种多样,但其中从修辞视角着手的却屈指可数。2016年7月12日,中菲南海仲裁案爆发,该事件随即成为了各国主流媒体争相报道的危机话题,而各国的报道也或多或少表达了各自的立场或态度。本文借助修辞“在场”这一关键概念,旨在揭示主要英语国家报道中所隐含的观点和态度。“在场”是当代西方新修辞学领军人物钱姆·佩雷尔曼论辩体系中的一个核心概念,大意为:言说者希望通过对事件因素的选取和有效表达使所看重的内容能够占据受众意识的前景。这一概念可以分为“选择”和“呈现”两个语义层面,前者经由对论辩前提和细节的选取创造“在场”,而后者主要通过一些修辞格的运用来增强“在场”。“选择”和“呈现”这两个层面相辅相成,能够有效地帮助修辞者在各类语篇中达到言说的目的。本研究将具有“呈现”功能的辞格分作三类:复叠、摹绘及背常,其中最具代表性的分别有反复、隐喻和倒装。本文为了考察主要英语国家对南海仲裁案的立场,选取了美国的《华盛顿邮报》、英国的《卫报》、加拿大的《环球邮报》以及澳大利亚的《悉尼晨锋报》四份主流报纸为语料来源,采用目的性抽样的方式从各家抽取一篇代表性报道进行了事件细节选择以及辞格呈现计策等的比较分析。结果表明:事实与价值观最常被选为论辩前提,反复和隐喻较倒装更常作为呈现手段以增强“在场”。就各国态度而言,四国中仅有英国反对此次仲裁结果,而美国、加拿大及澳大利亚均表示支持。但在支持的这三国中,澳大利亚的态度稍弱。借助完善后的“在场”框架对四国在南海仲裁案新闻报道中观点和态度的揭示,本文验证了修辞“在场”理论对于危机话语分析的重要价值,并通过研究中的发现一定程度上丰富了佩雷尔曼的“在场”理论,以便其更好地服务于当代修辞实践与修辞批评。更多还原

【Abstract】 With various crises hidden in today’s world,there emerge a growing number of crisis researches from different perspectives,among which only a limited few have been conducted from the perspective of rhetoric.On 12^thJuly,2016,the South China Sea arbitration broke out,which immediately becomes the heated topic of all mainstream media,expressing more or less their implicit stances or attitudes.This thesis is aimed at revealing the subtle attitudes in the news reports of the representative English speaking countries,by drawing upon a key rhetorical concept of“presence”.“Presence”,proposed by Chaim Perelman,pioneer in Western new rhetoric,is defined as“the displaying of certain elements on which the speaker wishes to center attention in order that they may occupy the foreground of the hearer’s consciousness”（Perelman&Tyteca,1969,p.142）.It is composed of two semantic layers:choice and presentation,of which the former is to create“presence”by choosing from premises and details of argumentation,while the latter is aimed at enhancing“presence”chiefly by means of certain rhetorical figures.Choice,together with presentation,can help the rhetor achieve his purpose in different kinds of discourse.This thesis divides those figures into three categories:accumulation,description and deviation,with repetition,metaphor and anastrophe as a representative figure respectively for each.To explore the attitudes of the major English-speaking countries,the thesis chooses as the sources of the corpora:The Washington Post of the USA,The Guardian of the UK,The Globe and Mail of Canada and The Sydney Morning Herald of Australia.In accordance with the principle of qualitative research and its method of purposive sampling,the present author selects one typical report from each of the above newspapers and analyzes their intentional choice of the premises and strategic presentation with the rhetorical figures.The findings demonstrate that facts and values are most frequently chosen as premises,repetition and metaphor are preferred to anastrophe as emphatic presentation,and that in terms of attitudes,only the UK is against the arbitration result while the other three seem quite in favor of it,with Australia weaker in showing support than the USA and Canada.The revelation of the four countries’hidden attitudes via the justified“presence”model not only confirms the irreplaceable status of“presence”in the crisis discourse analysis,but also enriches the notion of Perelman’s“presence”,making it better serve the current rhetorical practice and rhetorical criticism.更多还原