【作者】 陈军；

【导师】 贺川生；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 以往有关量词的研究以名量词为主,动量词的研究相对被忽视。近年来,动量词的研究逐渐得到关注,但大多是对动量词的下位分类、定义等方面进行研究,对于动量词的句法和语义方面的研究较少。本文从动量词的句法语义角度出发,具体研究动量词的语义功能和句法分析。在现代汉语研究中,前人将动量词界定为与数词结合起来计量有量动词的量的单位词。同时,前人一致同意动量词至少包括专用动量词和借用动量词。专用动量词是指专门用来表示动作单位的动量词,例如“看一次”中的“次”;借用动量词主要是借用其他词类尤其是名词来表示动作的量的一类动量词,例如“眨一眼”中的“眼”。本文坚持动量词新的分类,除了提到的两类主要的动量词之外,还有第三类动量词,即计时动量词,用来计量动作持续的时间段,例如“跑一天”中的“天”。其次,关于动量词的语义研究,前人的主要观点是动量词有“计时”和“计数”两大语义功能;再次,关于动量词的句法研究,前人主要是分析动量词与宾语的语序关系,动量词与动词的组合搭配关系以及对“动词+数词+动词”的结构分析。本文在总结前人研究的基础上,提出动量词还有第三种语义功能,就是“计事”。如此一来,基于动量词的新分类,其语义功能主要有三种:1、“计数”:计量动作发生或重复的次数;2、“计时”:计量动作持续的时间段;3、“计事”:计录某个事件。由于动量词不能单独使用,动量词的句法分析必须结合动量短语来考察。本文通过分析动量短语在句子中不同位置的句法分布,认为动量词可以充当主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等句法成分。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past,the study of classifiers was dominated by nominal classifiers.The research on verbal classifiers was relatively neglected.In recent years,the study of verbal classifiers has been paid more and more attention,but most of the researchers have studied the classification and definition of verbal classifiers.There are few studies on the syntactic and semantic aspects of verbal classifiers.This thesis aims to study the semantic functions and syntactic analysis of verbal classifiers from the syntactic and semantic aspects of verbal classifiers.In the study of modern Chinese,the predecessors defined verbal classifiers as the unit words that measure the amount of verbs with the help of numerals.At the same time,the predecessors all agreed verbal classifiers at least consist of special verbal classifiers and borrowed verbal classifiers.Special verbal classifiers,the kind of verbal classifiers is specially used to denote the unit of the action,for example,ci in kanyici.Borrowed verbal classifiers are mainly borrowed from other words,especially nouns,to express the amount of the action,such as yan in zhayiyan.This thesis insists on the new classification of verbal classifiers which not only includes the two main types of verbal classifiers mentioned above,but also includes a third type of verbal classifiers called durational verbal classifiers,used to measure the duration of an action,such as tian in paoyitian.Secondly,on the semantic study of verbal classifiers,the main view of the predecessors is that verbal classifiers have two semantic functions,recording duration and recording frequencies.Moreover,as for the syntactic study of verbal classifiers,the predecessors mainly analyze the order between verbal classifiers and objects,the collocation relations between verbal classifiers and verbs and the analysis of the V + numeral + V structure.On the basis of summing up the research of predecessors,this thesis puts forward that there is a third semantic function of verbal classifiers,recording events.In this way,based on the latest classification of verbal classifiers,verbal classifiers mainly have three semantic functions:1)recording frequencies,namely to record the times actions occur or repeat;2)recording duration,used to record the duration actions last;3)recording events,mainly to record an event.The verbal classifier cannot be used alone,so the syntactic analysis of verbal classifiers must be combined with verbal classifier phrases to analyze.In this thesis,by analyzing the syntactic distribution of verbal classifier phrases in different sentences,it can be concluded that verbal classifier phrases can act as a syntactic component such as the subject,object,complement,adverbial,attributive and so on.更多还原