【作者】 刘晓丹；

【导师】 高宇；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济发展水平不断提升,民众传统价值观、婚姻观等已经发生巨大改变,社会上存在较为严重的诚信缺失与道德滑坡现象,目前离婚率不断升高,婚前的海誓山盟不足以保证婚后的始终不渝,单纯依靠道德维系已无法满足夫妻对彼此间忠诚的确信,以权利的丧失作为违反忠实义务代价的夫妻忠诚协议应运而生。近年来,因“夫妻忠诚协议”而引发的诉讼案件数量持续增加,对于“夫妻忠诚协议”的效力认定,学界观点不尽一致,有学者认为其有效力,有学者认为其无效力,至今也未形成统一的认识和定论。司法实践中对“夫妻忠诚协议”的法律效力判定存在较大争议,不同的法官对“夫妻忠诚协议”的效力认定具有一定差异,进而使法官对违背“夫妻忠诚协议”案件作出的裁判结果相去甚远。本文对夫妻忠诚协议效力的阐述共分为四个部分:第一部分主要对夫妻忠诚协议作出概括性论述,界定了夫妻忠诚协议的涵义及类型。第二部分论证了法律调整夫妻忠诚协议的必要性和可行性,从实现婚姻制度的本质与功能的需要、解决司法裁判争议的需要、弥补现行婚姻立法缺陷的需要,以及实现夫妻忠诚协议功能的需要的角度论证了法律调整夫妻忠诚协议是切实可行的,同时通过借鉴其他国家和地区关于夫妻忠诚协议的相关规定,并结合我国审判实践中积累的经验,探讨了法律调整夫妻忠诚协议的必要性。第三部分围绕司法实践中同案不同判现象引发忠诚协议效力认定的争议,通过对“有效说”和“无效说”进行评析,指出“有效说”的合理之处及存在的不足,“无效说”的合理之处及存在的不足,通过比较,笔者对夫妻忠诚协议的效力问题提出自己的观点,即“夫妻忠诚协议”是否有效需要尝试从不同角度进行判断,根据具体情形而定,不能采取“一刀切”的做法,简单地去评判其“有效”或“无效”,而应按照“夫妻忠诚协议”的具体形式与内容及“夫妻忠诚协议”的现实价值与可能引发的社会效应进行评定。第四部分论述了夫妻忠诚协议的效力应从主体要素、意思要素、内容要素、期间要素、特别生效要件这些方面进行考量评析。并进一步以夫妻忠诚协议的类型化为分析对象,认为人身性夫妻忠诚协议中如具有人身伤害性和限制、剥夺权利性的内容应明确予以排除,防止破坏公序良俗原则及法律赋予公民的法定权利;财产性夫妻忠诚协议,只要该协议主体适格,意思表示自由,没有受欺诈、胁迫等情形下商定一致所签订的一方违反夫妻忠实义务,将丧失部分或全部财产所有权的忠诚协议,其内容上没有违背法律的强制性规定且没有侵害社会公共利益的,应认定该忠诚协议合法、有效,同时对具体赔偿金额的多少及约定的不合理金额允许调整进行了阐述;兼具人身性和财产性夫妻忠诚协议,其内容既包含了人身性条款,同时也包含了财产性条款,因而认定其效力关键在于商定的人身性条款与财产性条款是否具有可分性而具体评判。综上,应对“夫妻忠诚协议”所涉相关问题作出合理、具有操作性的规定和解释,使“忠实义务”从抽象的法律原则走向切实可行的法律规范,使“夫妻忠诚协议”在效力认定上摆脱模糊性,实现指向精确性。通过完善现行法律法规,在司法正义原则指导下,保障“夫妻忠诚协议”的相关内容落到实处,并且在“夫妻忠诚协议”有效作用下,逐步满足婚姻价值目标需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the society and economy progress,traditional perspectives of values,marriage,etc.vary remarkably.Nowadays,serious social problems caused by credit failings and moral decline are not rare,and the divorce rate is spiraling upwards.In this case,solemn vows and pledges exchanged by lovers could not guarantee a faithful marriage,moral baseline only no longer provide enough trusts between couples.Thus,marital loyalty agreements,which stipulate the expense of infidelity as divesting of rights,emerge as a respond.Recently,more court cases associated with marital loyalty agreements occur.As for the legal validity of the agreement,there are inconsistent views in academia,some scholars support it,while others not.No consensus and conclusion are reached till now.In judicial practice,it’s also a controversial issue to identify the effectiveness.Cognitive dissonance among different judges would then lead to polar opposite court decisions for one case related to a marital loyalty agreement.In this paper,there are four sections to state the validity of marital loyalty agreements.The first section discussed the marital loyalty agreement in general,and then provided the definition and different types of it.The second section demonstrated the necessity and feasibility of law intervention on marital loyalty agreements in terms of necessities of the nature and function of realistic matrimonial system,of disputes defusing in judicial adjudications,of legislative gap filling for existing marriage law,and of function realization for a marital loyalty agreement.Besides,by referring related regulations for this sort of agreements in many different countries and regions,also combined with judicial practical experiences in China,the necessities of law adjustment on marital loyalty agreements was discussed.The third section referred to the controversial identification for the validity of loyalty agreements due to “co-different sentence” phenomenon,indicated the approval opinions and shortcomings for both remarks of “valid group” and “invalid group” by evaluating and analyzing.According to comparison,the author provided some personal views for this problem,that is,weather a marital loyalty agreement is defined to be effective should consider various elements.For each specific condition,no definite solution is effective,simple announcement of “valid” or “invalid” is not reasonable.To assessing rationally,form and content,realistic value of agreements,as well as potential social response,should be considered as a whole.The forth and last section addressed that the effectiveness of a marital loyalty agreement could be properly evaluated and analyzed from various aspects of subject elements,intention elements,content elements,duration elements,and special effective constituents.Furthermore,categorization of agreements was reviewed to get reasonable conclusions.Physical marital loyalty agreements with claims of bodily harm,restrictions,or disfranchisement should be rejected to maintain the principle of public order and good social customs,also to protect civil rights given by law.For property agreements that punish the cheaters by partially or totally deprive the property ownership,as long as they are free expressed by proper subjects with no fraud or coercion,unanimously agreed,with no violation to legal compulsory and no damage to public interest,should be determined as legal and effective.Meanwhile,the aggregate amount of compensation,as well as advisable adjustment for unreasonable punish penalty,were discussed.As for agreements with both physical and property claims,the effectiveness was identified mainly based on the divisibility of these two parts of terms.To sum up,related issues of marital loyalty agreements should be reasonably defined and interpreted with proper operability,thus to concrete the abstract duty of loyalty into feasible legal norms,and to confirm the legal validity of marital loyalty agreements with no fuzziness.By improving existing laws and regulations with the guidance of judicial justice,certain claims of agreements should be guaranteed.Furthermore,goals for marriage value could be properly reached as a result of effective marital loyalty agreements.更多还原