【作者】 陈君；

【导师】 陈红；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 我国城市中心区人口密集,步行交通量很大,是我国城市道路交通的一个重要特点。近年来,随着我国城市化程度的进一步加深,城市交通承载的压力也越来越大。城市道路信号交叉口行人过街时面临复杂的交通环境,一方面行人不可避免地会与机动车流、非机动车流发生冲突干扰;另一方面,由于交叉口往往集聚着大量的行人,过街行人群体内部也存在频繁的冲突。对此,国内外学者进行了大量的研究,其中利用计算机仿真技术进行行人过街仿真成为研究的热点。行人交通行为特性的研究工作是构建行人仿真模型的必要组成部分,因此,本文针对行人过街交通行为特性的基础研究为行人过街交通模型的构建提供了理论依据。本文以西安市小寨西路—朱雀大街、小寨西路—含光路和太白南路—吉祥路三个交叉口行人过街的航拍视频为基础,提出了行人过街自由速度的测定条件,并分别给出行人过街自由速度按性别和年龄因素的统计分布特征。同时分析了总体行人过街速度以及行人过街速度的时空特性。根据行人过街的航拍视频提取行人流基本参数,根据行人流参数关系曲线,建立了信号控制交叉口过街行人流的速度—密度、速度—占用空间、流量—密度、流量—占用空间的函数关系模型,并根据实际调查数据进行修正,得到行人过街最小动态空间和通行能力的理论值。同时,对双向行人群的阻滞特性与自组织特性进行了研究,并给出应用性建议。借助Simi Motion软件,在行人空间需求分析的基础上,分析了行人个体的躲避行为与超越行为,量化了行人过街时的微观行为特性参数。最后,根据行人过街自由速度的分析结果,基于行人宏观交通行为特性和微观交通行为特性的分析,对目前行人仿真广泛应用的社会力模型结合行人过街的实际场景进行参数标定与改进研究,并通过VISSIM仿真验证了改进模型的可靠性和优越性。研究结论可为行人过街的仿真建模工作提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s urban central area is densely populated and has a large traffic volume,which is an important feature of urban road traffic in China.In recent years,with the further deepening of the degree of urbanization in China,the pressure of urban transport is also growing.The pedestrians face complex traffic conditions when crossing the signalized intersection at the urban roads.On the one hand,pedestrians will inevitably conflict with the motor vehicle flow and the non-motor vehicle flow;On the other hand,because the intersection often gathers a large number of pedestrians,there are frequent conflicts inside the pedestrian population.In this regard,domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research,which use computer simulation technology and pedestrian crossing simulation has become a hot research.The study of pedestrian traffic behavior is an important part of constructing pedestrian simulation model.Therefore,this paper provides a theoretical basis for the construction of pedestrian crossing traffic model based on the basic research on traffic behavior characteristics of pedestrian crossing.Based on the aerial video of pedestrian crossing at three intersections of Xiaozhai West Road-Zhuque Street,Xiaozhai West Road-Hanguang Road and Taibai South Road-Jixiang Road,this paper puts forward the measurement conditions of the free speed of pedestrian crossing and the statistical distribution of sex and age factors.At the same time,this paper analyzes the total pedestrian crossing speed the temporal and spatial characteristics of pedestrian crossing speed.Extract the basic parameters of pedestrian flow according to the pedestrian crossing aerial video and establish the speed-density,the speed-occupied space and the flow-occupied space models of pedestrian crossing at signalized intersections according to the pedestrian flow parameter curve.The data is amended based on the actual survey.This paper gets the smallest dynamic space and the theoretical value of capacity of pedestrian crossing.At the same time,the blocking characteristics and self-organization characteristics of the two-way pedestrian population are studied,and the application suggestions are given.With the help of Simi Motion software,based on the analysis of pedestrian space demand,the avoidance behavior and transcendence behavior of pedestrian individuals are analyzed,and the microscopic behavior parameters of pedestrian crossing are quantified.Finally,according to the analysis results of pedestrian crossing speed,based on the analysis of pedestrian macro-traffic behavior and micro-traffic behavior,the social force model which is widely used in pedestrian simulation,is used to calibrate and improve the actual scene of pedestrian crossing.VISSIM simulation verifies the reliability and superiority of the improved model.The conclusion of the study can provide a reference for the simulation modeling of pedestrian crossing.更多还原