【作者】 杨阳；

【导师】 张步文；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 民商法学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 本文拟对从程序控制的角度,对公安机关刑事侦查权的控制问题进行研究。2012年刑事诉讼法的修改通过非法证据排除的完善等加强了对公安机关侦查权的控制,但是从学界讨论及司法实践来看,公安机关侦查违法的情形层出不穷且屡纠屡犯,刑讯逼供等严重侦查违法还时有发生,如何有效控制侦查权力的良性运行、保障犯罪嫌疑人的基本权利依然是刑事诉讼中亟待解决的问题。党的十八届四中全会“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革”“规范司法程序”系列司法改革对侦查权的程序控制提出了新要求,在司法改革背景下完善我国侦查权的程序控制就有了现实意义。侦查权的程序控制是指公安机关在行使侦查权时必须受到法定程序和正当程序的制约和保障。从现有的立法规定来看,我国公安机关享有的侦查权内容涉及广泛,但基于程序控制的必要性以及可行性并结合司法实践中出现的问题,本文集中讨论了立案权、讯问权、搜查权、逮捕权、鉴定权以及技术侦查权的程序控制问题。本文立足于司法实践,通过调研走访了解公安机关侦查权在实践中的运行状况,在明确侦查权程序控制的现状和缺陷的前提下,借鉴域外侦查权程序控制的合理因素,提出完善我国侦查权程序控制的具体措施。本文认为,侦查权的程序控制有其存在的理论基础。侦查权的强制暴力性、主动性和单方性、扩张性和侵犯性以及秘密性等本质属性决定了其运行必须受到正当程序的规制,正当程序理念和强制侦查法定原则要求在侦查过程中使用强制侦查措施要符合法律规定的实体要件和程序要件。讨论我国侦查权的程序控制应坚持以下理念:保障犯罪嫌疑人、被害人及社会公众的基本权利,保障侦查权良性运行,突出侦查权的基础性与初始性地位,权力限制与自由裁量相平衡,突出侦查权重点权项的程序控制。本文对侦查权程序控制的立法现状和实践状况进行探讨和分析,从目前的法律规定来看,我国现有的侦查权控制程序总体上表现为以内部控制为主、检察机关的审查与监督为辅、其他控制形式为补充的程序控权机制。从实践中的调研情况来看,侦查机关的内部程序控制和检察机关的监督程序均发挥了一定的控制效果并呈现出新的特征。本文对我国侦查权程序控制的缺陷进行了分析。侦查权程序控制从总体控制效果来看,内部控制不足,检察监督乏力,程序性制裁仍存有缺陷。侦查权具体权项的控制程序也存在着许多不足,如立案权的审查和监督程序随意性大,非羁押状态下的侦查讯问权未得到规制,搜查权审批流于形式,审查批捕程序诉讼化构造畸形,鉴定权缺乏外部制约程序等。本文提出了改革完善我国侦查权程序控制的建议。在明确侦查权程序控制的现状和缺陷的前提下,综合借鉴域外侦查权程序控制的合理因素,提出了完善我国侦查权程序控制整体的改革思路和具体完善措施,整体思路是加速程序正义司法理念形成,构建诉讼化的审查程序,建立程序性制裁体系以及增强诉权制约侦查权程序。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,research on the controlling of criminal investigation right held by public security organization was made from the perspective of procedure control.The modification of 2012 Criminal Procedure Act perfected the exclusion of unlawfully obtained evidences so as to further control the investigation rights held by public security organizations.However,the academic discussions and the juridical practices have proved that the illegal investigations have been and are frequently done.Besides,serious illegal investigations including the extortion of confessions by torture occur sometimes.How to effectively control the normal exertion of investigation rights and guarantee the basic rights of criminal suspects needs to be solved urgently in the criminal lawsuit.A series of juridical reforms required in the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18 th Committee of the Communist Party,such as pushing forward reform of lawsuit system which centers on procedure control and standardizing the juridical procedures,proposed new demands for the procedure control of investigation right.The perfection of control procedure of China’s investigation right has realistic significances under the background of juridical reform.The procedure control of investigation rights means that the exerting of investigation rights by public security organization must be guaranteed and limited by the legal procedures and due processes.From the perspective of existing law-making stipulations,the investigation right held by China’s public security organization covers extensive contents.Based on the necessity and feasibility of procedure control and in combination with problems in the juridical practice,the procedure control for the right of placing a case on file,of interrogation,of search,of arrest,of authentication and of technical investigation is intensively discussed in this paper.Based on the juridical practice and by way of investigation and interview,the exertion of investigation right held by public security right was known.With the preconditions of defining the current status and deficiencies of procedure control of investigation right,with referring to the reasonable factors overseas regarding the procedure control of investigation right,the detailed measures were proposed to perfect China’s procedure control of investigation right.This paper holds that the procedural control of the power of investigation has its theoretical basis.The power of investigation ’ s essential attributes includes the mandatory violent,initiative and unilateral,expansionary and aggressive,and secrecy that determine its operation must be regulated by due process.The concept of due process and the principle of compulsory investigation require the use of compulsory investigation measure should conform to substantive essentials and procedural essentials imposed by the law in the course of investigation.Discussion on China’s procedural control of the power of investigation should adhere to the following ideas: Protect the basic rights of criminal suspects,victims and the public;ensure the sound operation of the power of investigation,which highlight the basic and initial position of the power of investigation,the balance of authority restriction and discretion,and highlight the procedural control of key parts in the investigationThis paper discusses and analyzes the current situation and practice conditions of procedural control of the power of investigation.By the current law,our country’s existing procedural control of the power of investigation is generally represented by the internal control as mainstream,the scrutiny and supervision of procuratorial organ as assistant,supplemented with other control forms of the procedural control mechanism.According to the investigation of the situation in practice,the internal procedural control of the investigation organ and the supervision procedures of the procuratorial organs all play a part control effect and show new features.This paper analyzes the defects of the procedure control of the power of investigation in our country.From the overall control effect,the procedure control of the power of investigation lacks of internal control,procuratorial supervision,and its procedural sanctions are still flawed.There are many deficiencies in the control procedure of the specific content of the power of investigation,such as the examination and supervision of case filing is arbitrary,the right of interrogation in the non-custodial state is not regulated,the permitting search of right of search becomes a mere formality,the structure the permitting search of right procedure is abnormal,the appraisal right lacks external restriction procedure,etc.This paper put forwards some suggestions on reforming and perfecting the procedure control of the power of investigation in our country.Under the premise of making clear the status and defects of the procedure control of the power of investigation,it draws lessons from the rational factors of the procedure control of extraterritorial investigation.The paper also put forwards the general reform ideas and specific perfection measures to improve the procedure control of the power of investigation.The overall idea is to accelerate the formation of the judicial idea of procedural justice,set up the review procedure of litigation,establish the procedural sanction system,strengthen litigation right and restrict the power of investigation procedure.更多还原