【作者】 孙健；

【导师】 张兰威；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 化学工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 母乳中含有婴儿生长发育所需的全部营养成分,婴儿配方奶粉作为代乳品所含营养素种类及含量与母乳高度相似是衡量其质量高低最主要的先决条件。由于原辅料的差异、营养强化剂本身性质、来源及种类存在差别,因此,产品生产工艺、贮存环境、包装形式等各种因素对婴儿配方奶粉中各营养素的稳定性具有不同的影响,建立在生产过程和货架期内充分满足国家标准法规的要求的产品配方与生产工艺、贮藏条件是乳品企业的客观要求。本论文根据企业实际生产发展需求,主要针对婴儿配方奶粉中经常使用的各种原辅料中营养素含量以及不同生产工艺和特定贮存条件下各营养素损失情况和衰减情况做了系统研究,并根据分析结果确定了婴儿配方奶粉产品配方以及各营养强化剂的补充种类和强化量:对婴儿配方奶粉中常用的生牛乳、脱盐乳清粉(D90型)、乳清蛋白粉(WPC80型)、混合植物油以及乳糖等原辅料进行营养素种类和含量进行分析,确定了一款新型婴儿配方奶粉的基础配方,其中,脱盐乳清粉(D90型)的使用量占比为50.0%、生牛乳(以固形物计)的使用量占比为22.2%、混合植物油的使用量占比为19.0%、乳糖的使用量占比为8.0%、乳清蛋白粉(WPC80型)的使用量占比为0.5%。采用不同工艺对营养强化剂补充剂均匀度和损失率进行对比实验研究发现:湿法工艺添加营养强化剂,各种维生素和矿物质的混合均匀性较好,但热敏性维生素和难溶性矿物质其损失率较大;采用干法工艺添加营养强化剂,虽然保证了维生素和矿物质的利用率,但部分微量营养素的混合均匀性较差,无法达到预期;采用干湿复合工艺进行营养强化剂的添加,可以充分结合湿法工艺和干法工艺的优点,最大程度保留了各营养强化剂在终产品中的种类和含量,便于生产管控。分别采用镀铝膜袋和马口铁听包装婴儿配方奶粉,在18个月常温贮存条件和3个月高温高湿条件进行营养素衰减率对比实验研究,发现在贮存期间宏量营养素的贮存衰减率均<1.0%、脂肪酸类营养素的贮存衰减率均<3.0%、矿物质类营养素的贮存衰减率均<5.0%、维生素类营养素的贮存衰减率较高,其中维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E和维生素C贮存衰减率均>22.0%,且维生素C的衰减率最高,达到26.9%。其中采用镀铝膜袋包装的样品维生素衰减率高于铁听包装的样品;相同包装形式下,高温高湿条件保存的样品维生素衰减率高于室温条件保存。综上,通过研究确定婴儿配方奶粉最佳生产方式为干湿复合工艺,最佳贮存条件为常温贮存(温度不超过37℃,湿度不超过75%),最佳包装形式为马口铁听包装;婴儿配方奶粉各营养素种类和含量在满足基础配方的同时,还应对维生素、矿物质、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)以及花生四烯酸(ARA)进行补充和强化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Breast milk contains all the nutrients which are needed by the baby’s growth and development.Therefore,it is the prerequisite for the infant formula milk powder should has highly similarity with the breast milk in types and contents of nutrients in milk.Because the differences nutrients in different original raw materials,the stability and loss of nutrients in infant formula will affected by production process,storage environment,packaging forms and other factors.Therefore establishing the raw material formula and production process and storage conditions which meet the requirements of national standards is the objective requirements of the dairy enterprises:According to the requirements of enterprise,the content of nutrients in raw material and its loss during settled storage conditions and production processes were analyzed.At last the formula of infant powder and different kinds and contents of nutrients fortifier were decided based on the results.The raw milk,desalted whey powder(D90),whey protein powder(WPC80),mixed vegetable oil and lactose in infant formula powder were analyzed,then established a new infant powder formula,which contains 50.0% desalted whey powder,22.2% raw milk,19.0% vegetable oil,8.0% lactose and 0.5% whey protein powder.Using different techniques analyze the nutritional supplements and uniformity and loss of supplements.The results showed that: using wet process to add nutritions,the uniformity for mixing vitamins and minerals is good,but the loss of heat sensitive vitamins and insoluble minerals were higher.Using dry process to add nutrition fortifiers,the utilization of vitamins and minerals were improved,but some micro-nutrient blend uniformity is poor,can not reach the expected.Using wet and dry mixed process,can combined the advantages of two processes,and retained most nutritional supplements in products and it is easy to control production.The nutrient attenuation rate of samples which were packaged by aluminum foil bag and tinplate,were analyzed during 18 months storage at room temperature and 3 months at higher temperature and humidity storage.The results showed that: during storage,the storage decay rate of macro-nutrients was less than 1.0%,the storage decay rate of fatty acids was less than 3.0%,the storage decay rate of mineral,nutrients was less than 5.0%,the vitamin nutrient storage decay rate is higher,the vitamin A,vitamin D3,vitamin E and vitamin C storage decay rate is greater than 22.0%,and the attenuation rate of vitamin C was the highest,reaching 26.9%.the vitamins decay rate was higher packaged by aluminum foil bag than tinplate did,and the same tendency was shown in the same package under the high temperature and high humidity conditionAbove all,the infant powder formula was determined that was : using dry and wet composite technology,the optimum save conditions for the temperature is not more than 37 degrees,humidity is higher than 75%,the best packaging is tinplate packaging;The type and content of nutrients in infant formula should meet the basic formula,also complement to vitamins,minerals,DHA and ARA.更多还原