【作者】 王婧；

【导师】 张钧；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 经济法学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城镇化进程的加快,非农用地挤占耕地现象突出,同时受传统保护自然资源模式影响,人们的关注点多在耕地资源的经济价值和社会价值,而忽视了耕地资源的生态价值。耕地资源的本质属性被忽视,带来耕地基础地力下降、耕地污染严重、水土流失等问题,制约了社会的可持续发展。因此,对耕地资源进行全方位保护的力度需要进一步加大。耕地生态补偿是综合考虑到耕地资源的生态价值、经济价值和社会价值这三方面因素的重要措施。然而,国内耕地生态补偿的相关理论和实践仍然处于探索阶段,从理论研究方面来说,耕地生态补偿的法学内涵、法律关系等问题亟待明确。从实践开展情况来看,我国目前的耕地生态补偿制度远远不能满足现实需求,迫切需要系统性的、科学的、行之有效的耕地生态补偿制度来指导具体实践。因此,完善耕地生态补偿相关法律制度是科学保护耕地的重要路径之一。本文结构如下:引言部分,主要论述三个方面的内容:第一,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法律问题研究的意义;第二,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿相关问题研究综述;第三,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿相关概念辨析。第一部分,根据当前学者研究城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿中存在的不足和在具体实践中遇到的问题来分析,城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿存在的法律问题主要有:1.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法学研究欠缺;2.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法律关系尚未厘清;3.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法定补偿标准尚未明确;4.城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿缺乏有效的法律监督。第二部分,从生态经济学及法学等多角度阐述城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿的理论基础。马克思主义理论基础主要指马克思主义生态哲学观和马克思地租理论;生态经济学理论基础主要指外部性理论和可持续发展理论;法学理论基础主要指法价值观理论。第三部分,通过研究上海市、山西省等地耕地生态补偿实践,从耕地生态保护补偿角度和耕地生态修复角度分析了在我国建立耕地生态补偿法律制度、明确耕地生态补偿法律关系、确立耕地生态补偿法定标准和健全耕地生态补偿法律监督机制的必要性。其中分别论述了地方样本的选样考量原因、实践内容和实践经验。第四部分,通过分析以美国、英国、德国、法国和日本为代表的国外耕地生态补偿实践,论述了国外耕地生态补偿实践对我国的几点借鉴意义:1.完备的耕地生态补偿法律制度是基础;2.多样化耕地生态补偿方式是重点;3.合理的耕地生态补偿监督机制是保障。结论部分,通过上述分析,完善我国城镇化进程中耕地生态补偿法律制度的基本思路主要有:1.明确耕地生态补偿法律关系;2.确立耕地生态补偿法定标准;3.健全耕地生态补偿法律监督机制;4.完善耕地生态补偿相关立法。笔者认为,明确耕地生态补偿法律关系可以促进耕地生态补偿落到实处;确立耕地生态补偿标准将促使我国耕地保护向更深层次推进;健全耕地生态补偿法律监督制度可以保障实现耕地保护“质”和“量”的统一。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of the urbanization process,the phenomenon of non-agricultural land squeezing is prominent,and influenced by the traditional mode of protection of natural resources,people pay more attention to the economic value and social value of cultivated land resources,while ignoring the ecological value of cultivated land resources.The nature of cultivated land resources is neglected,which brings down the decline of cultivated land foundation,serious pollution of cultivated land,soil erosion and so on,which restricts the sustainable development of society.Therefore,the full range of cultivated land resources to protect the need to further increase.However,the relevant theories and practices of cultivated land Eco-compensation are still in the exploratory stage.From the theoretical point of view,the cultivated land is the most important factor of cultivated land Eco-compensation,which is the important measure of ecological value,economic value and social value of cultivated land resources.Eco-compensation of the legal connotation,legal relations and other issues need to be clear.From the practical research,China’s current Eco-compensation system of cultivated land is far from meeting the realistic demand,and it is urgent to guide the concrete practice of systematic,scientific and effective Eco-compensation system of cultivated land.Therefore,it is one of the important paths to scientifically protect cultivated land by perfecting the relevant legal system of cultivated land Eco-compensation.The structure of this paper is as follows:The introduction part,mainly discusses the three aspects of content.Firstly,the significance of the study on the legal problems of cultivated Land Eco-compensation in the process of urbanization.Secondly,the research on the related problems of cultivated land Eco-compensation in the process of urbanization.Thirdly,discrimination of the related concepts of cultivated land Eco-compensation in the process of urbanization.The first part,based on the current scholars’ research on the shortage of cultivated land Eco-compensation and the problems encountered in the concrete practice,the legal problems of cultivated land Eco-compensation in the process of urbanization are as follows: the legal compensation relationship of cultivated land Eco-compensation is not yet clear;in the process of urbanization,the Eco-compensation of cultivated land lacks effective legal supervision.The second part,from the ecological economics and law and other aspects of urbanization in the process of Eco-compensation theory.The theoretical basis of Marxist theory mainly refers to the theory of Marxist ecological philosophy and Marx’s theory of rent.The theoretical basis of ecological economics mainly refers to the theory of externalization and the theory of sustainable development.The theory of legal theory is mainly based on the theory of value.The third part,through the study of the practice of cultivated land Eco-compensation in Shanghai,Shanxi province and so on,this paper analyzes the legal system of cultivated land Eco-compensation from the perspective of compensation of cultivated land ecological protection and the ecological restoration of cultivated land,clarifies the legal relationship of cultivated land Eco-compensation,the necessity of compensating the legal standard and constructing the legal supervision mechanism of cultivated land Eco-compensation.Which discussed the reasons for the selection of local samples,practical contents and practical experience.The fourth part,through the analysis of the practice of cultivated land Eco-compensation,which is represented by the United States,Britain,Germany,France and Japan,this paper discusses the significance of the practice of cultivated land Eco-compensation in China: The complete legal system of cultivated land Eco-compensation is the foundation;diversification of cultivated land Eco-compensation is the focus;reasonable farmland Eco-compensation supervision mechanism is guaranteed.The basic ideas of the legal system of cultivated landEco-compensation in the process of urbanization in China are as follows: To clarify the legal relationship of cultivated land Eco-compensation;To optimize the legal standard of cultivated land Eco-compensation;To improve the legal supervision of cultivated land Eco-compensation mechanism;Perfect the relevant legislation of cultivated land Eco-compensation.The author thinks that it is clear that the Eco-compensation of cultivated land will be the Eco-compensation of cultivated land.Optimizing the Eco-compensation standard of cultivated land makes the protection of cultivated land in China to a deeper level,and perfecting the legal supervision system of cultivated land Eco-compensation to realize the unity of cultivated land quality and quantity.更多还原