【作者】 高恩亮；

【导师】 史家顺；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 油页岩是一种可燃烧的有机岩石,是重要的油气替代资源。在当今能源日益紧张的情况下,开采油页岩并以其替代石油,对增强国家经济后劲意义重大。我国主要采用干馏技术对高品位大块油页岩制取页岩油,对于干馏厂剩余的低品位小颗粒油页岩作为尾料废弃,还没有找到有效的方法提取其中的页岩油。本干馏炉在研发前查阅了大量相关文献资料,从中了解到国内外油页岩干馏设备组成、工作原理,设计特点。并亲赴抚顺和桦甸等地油页岩厂考察,掌握现场实际操作流程、工作日志和生产数据。从理论与实际的总结中找出小颗粒油页岩干馏关键技术研发难点的解决方法。根据小颗粒干馏炉特殊工艺的要求,开展干馏炉总体方案设计(包括钢结构、内衬砌筑、燃烧系统等系统设计)。干馏炉本体借鉴炼焦炉砌筑方法,两个燃烧室中间夹一个干馏室。燃烧室隔墙通过辐射传热对页岩进行干馏,干馏室产生干馏气由炉顶集气管收集。炼铁高炉料车式上料机被应用于干馏炉炉顶上料设计,该上料系统在运送页岩过程中没有再次破粹、没有瓦斯气泄漏、一键上料、维护方便。该系统核心技术在于满载时上料小车能沿曲形轨道安全卸料,空车时靠自重返回。单纯CAD软件已不能模拟整个运动过程。借助Solidworks Motion软件对斜桥式上料小车进行动仿真分析,分析出料车在整个上料过程中位移、速度,加速度曲线;总结出卷扬机频率与上料能力关系曲线。干馏炉排焦系统设计采用直立炭化炉“干法出焦”技术,该技术适用于水资源短缺又页岩储量丰富地区。排焦箱对小颗粒页岩料层(<18mm)能实现封料不泄漏,自动化排料。三种冷却介质(冷瓦斯、水、蒸汽)喷头与排焦箱外壁集成,既能冷却半焦又能补充干馏所需能量。每个排焦箱上部都承受20吨重物料,工况恶劣。利用SolidWorks Simulation软件对排焦箱中排焦轮与绞笼轴零部件进行有限元模型的建立和强度分析,找出零部件受力薄弱点,对其改进优化设计。本文的研究内容为小颗粒干馏炉设计开拓出一条新的途径,为今后大型化工业生产应用打下了结实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil shale is a kind of organic burnable rock,is an important substitute resource for oil and gas.In today’s increasingly tight energy situation,the oil shale and its alternative oil,to enhance the country’s economic potential.Our country mainly by carbonization technology of high grade bulk oil shale producing shale oil,for retorting plant residual low grade small particles of oil shale tailings as waste,have yet to find effective methods to extract the oil shale.At present,China mainly uses the carbonization technology of high grade oil shale blocks for shale oil,for low grade small particle oil shale retorting plan remaining as tailings waste,have yet to find effective methods of extraction of shale oil.Shenyang Haiyuan distillation equipment technology development Co.Ltd is a new low grade small particle oil shale retorting pilot plant in Beipiao,and has stable operation,high oil yield,the prospect of industrialization large-scale production significantly.The retort furnace in the development of access to a large number of relevant literature,from understanding to domestic and foreign oil shale retorting equipment composition,working principle and design features.And went to Fushun and Huadian,oil shale plant inspection,grasp the actual operation process,work log and production data.Find out the way to solve the small particles of oil shale retorting key technology research and development from the theoretical and practical difficulties in summary.According to the requirements of special process of small particles of dry distillation furnace,the carbonization furnace overall design(including steel structure,lining,combustion system design)was carried out.Coke oven masonry method from carbonization furnace body,the middle of the two combustion chamber with a carbonization chamber.The combustion chamber wall of shale carbonization on radiative heat transfer through the carbonization chamber,produce gas pipe collected by the top set.Ironmaking blast furnace skip type feeding machine is applied on the top of the carbonization furnace design and the feeding system in the process of transporting the shale not again broken Tsui,no gas leakage,a key material,simple structure and easy maintenance.The core technology of the system lies in the feeding trolley along the curved track safety unloading at full load,when empty by gravity return.Pure CAD software can not simulate the whole movement process.With Solidworks motion software of skew bridge type feeding into the car operation simulation analysis,analysis of the skip to the material in the process of displacement,velocity,acceleration curve;summary volumes Yang machine frequency and feeding ability of the relationship between the curve.Carbonization coke fire grate system design adopts a vertical retort "dry coke,the technology application in the shortage of water resources and shale reserves rich region.The coke discharging box is capable of sealing the small grain shale(<18mm),and can not leak the sealing material..Three types of cooling medium of cold gas,water and steam nozzle and the outer wall of the coke box integration,both cooling semi coke can supplement carbonization energy.Each row of focal box is 20 tons of heavy material,bad condition.Using SolidWorks simulation software establishment and strength analysis of finite element model of coke box ranked coke wheel and the cutter row cage shaft parts and find parts by force weak point,the optimization design.The research content of this paper is the design of small particles of the carbonization furnace has opened a new path,a solid foundation for the future application of large-scale industrial production.更多还原