【作者】 张旭；

【导师】 郭健；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 机械工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,全球常规能源匮乏以及环境恶化的问题越来越受到世人的关注,新能源大规模开发利用是解决上述问题的有效途径,例如风能。随着全球风电发电量的与日俱增,与此同时带来的是风电并网规模的逐年扩大,由于风电场出力具有波动性以及无法准确预测性,因此风电并网会对电网的安全稳定运行造成不利影响,并随着风电并网容量的持续增大,其风电出力波动对电网稳定性造成的影响逐渐加重,若大规模风电并网问题没有得到较好的解决会严重制约全球风电的发展,因此,对大规模风电并网对电网特性影响的研究很有必要。本文基于Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建了永磁直驱风机等值风电场模型以及6节点风电电力系统模型,通过模型仿真分析了风电场分布以及风电穿透率对电力系统节点电压特性的影响情况,又结合复杂系统脆性理论及元胞自动机原理对含有风电电力系统的脆性进行研究分析,得到了电力系统受风电影响后的故障演变规律。首先,考虑尾流效应的影响采用同调等值法搭建150MW永磁直驱式风电场等值模型,通过等值风电场并网电力系统模型的仿真验证了等值风电场模型符合并网要求,表明了本文给出的等值方法的正确性,为后续研究风电分布以及风电穿透率对电网电压特性的影响提供了较为可靠的风电模型。其次,搭建6节点风电电力系统模型,将已经搭建好的150MW风电场等值模型分别与系统不同节点连接并网,仿真研究了风电分布对电力系统电压特性的影响,得到各个节点的强弱情况,确定风电场最佳并网点,为实际工程中风电场最佳并网位置的选择提供了理论依据。再次,根据本文给出的等值方法搭建不同容量的风电场等值模型,将这些不同容量的等值模型分别与6节点电力系统中的节点4和节点6连接并网,仿真研究了风电穿透率对电力系统电压特性的影响并确定了该电力系统的风电穿透功率极限值。最后,基于复杂系统脆性理论及元胞自动机原理对6节点风电电力系统进行脆性分析,潮流计算得到电力系统受到风电场干扰后的脆性激发传播路径(故障连锁反应),表明了应用元胞自动机原理研究风电电力系统脆性是一种行之有效的方法,为实际中包含风电的电网故障分析提供了可供参考的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the problem of the global conventional energy shortage and the environmental degradation has been attracting more and more attention by the people from all over the world. The large-scale development and utilization of new energy is an effective way to solve the above problems, such as the wind power. The capacity of global wind power increases with each passing day, at the same time, the scale of wind capacity integrated into grid expands year by year. Because of the output power of wind farm is fluctuating and difficult to accurately forecast. So the wind power integration can produce adverse impact about the safe and stable running of power grids, and with the continuous increasing scale of wind power integration, the impact of wind power output fluctuation for power grid stability is more serious. If the problem of large-scale wind power integration has not been solved well can severely restricts the development of global wind power,therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of grid characteristics when large-scale wind power integrated into grid.In this thesis, the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind farm equivalent model and six nodes wind power system model were set up based on the Matlab/Simulink software platform. The influence of wind power distribution and wind power penetration on power system’s voltage characteristic was simulated and analysed through above models. And combine the principle of complex system brittleness and the theory cellular automata, the wind power system’s brittleness was studied. And the fault evolution rule was obtained when power system is affected by the wind power.Firstly, consider the influence of wake effect and the 150MW permanent magnet direct-drive type wind farm equivalent model was set up by homology equivalence method.The reliability of the equivalent wind farm was simulated and shown through the equivalent wind farm interconnection grid power system model. The correctness of the equivalent method in this thesis was indicated, and a reliable wind power model in the subsequent study was provided on the impact of grid voltage when the wind power integrated into grid.Secondly,the six nodes wind power system model was set up. The 150MW wind farm equivalent model which has been built was connected with the different nodes in power system. The influence of power system’s voltage characteristic about the wind power distribution was simulated and studied. The strength of the different nodes was obtained and the best point of common coupled was confirmed. Provide the theory basis for choosing the best point of common coupled in practical engineering wind farm.Again, the different capacity of wind farm equivalent model by the equivalence method in this thesis were set up. And these different capacity of wind farm equivalent model were connected with node 4 and node 6 in the six nodes power system. The influence of power system’s voltage characteristic on wind power penetration was simulated and studied. And the wind power penetration limitation of this power system was determined.Finally, Based on the theory of complex system brittleness and the principle of cellular automata, the six nodes power system’s brittleness was researched. The power system’s brittleness excitation propagation path (fault chain reaction) after the wind disturbance by power flow calculation was determined. Prove that it is a very effective method using the principle of cellular automata to study the wind power system’s brittleness. Provide a reliable theory basis for the study on grid’s breakdown that contains wind power in practical engineering.更多还原