【作者】 张贝贝；

【导师】 蒋艳菊；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 焦虑相关的多种障碍都可以用条件恐惧的概念进行解释,焦虑障碍患者在条件恐惧习得和消退上的差异被认为是焦虑障碍产生的易感因素。而以往的相关研究多用焦虑障碍患者,或者特质焦虑者为被试来探究焦虑和条件恐惧习得、消退的关系,但是焦虑障碍患者,或特质焦虑被试本身与健康被试存在差异,为了进一步探究焦虑和条件恐惧习得消退间的因果关系,本实验选择健康大学生为被试,用社会心理应激诱发被试的高低状态焦虑,探究状态焦虑和条件恐惧间的因果关系。本论文包含三个研究,六个实验。分别以状态焦虑作为自变量,健康无焦虑的大学生被试共298人,每个研究包含有、无辨别条件两个实验,在习得或消退前用社会心理应激诱发被试的状态焦虑,并用主观评定(US预期)和皮肤电指标来探究状态焦虑对条件恐惧习得和消退的影响,具体实验设计如下:研究一主要探究状态焦虑对条件恐惧习得的影响,在习得前诱发被试的状态焦虑。包含两个实验设计,实验a用无辨别条件恐惧实验,采用2(区组:高低状态焦虑组)×3(条件恐惧阶段:习惯化阶段、习得阶段、消退阶段)混合实验设计;实验b用有辨别条件恐惧实验,采用2(区组:高低状态焦虑组)×3(条件恐惧阶段:习惯化阶段、习得阶段、消退阶段)×2(CS类型:CS+、CS-)的混合实验设计;研究二主要探究状态焦虑对条件恐惧消退的影响,在消退前诱发被试的状态焦虑。包含两个实验设计,实验c用无辨别条件恐惧实验,实验设计同实验a;实验d用有辨别条件恐惧实验,实验设计同实验b;研究三为了进一步验证状态焦虑对消退的影响,研究三采取在消退练习前让被试休息1小时后,再进行消退练习。包含两个实验设计:实验e用无辨别条件恐惧实验,实验设计同实验a;实验f以有辨别条件恐惧实验,实验设计同实验b。通过研究获得以下结论:第一,在有、无辨别实验中条件恐惧的习惯化阶段,应激组和非应激组被试间不存在差异;第二,在无辨别条件恐惧的习得阶段,高低状态焦虑被试对无辨别条件恐惧的习得差异不显著,高低状态焦虑组被试都同样习得了条件恐惧;第三,在有辨别条件恐惧的习得阶段,高低状态焦虑组被试对条件恐惧的习得差异不显著,高状态焦虑组同低状态焦虑组一样都表现出良好的条件恐惧辨别能力;第四,在无辨别条件恐惧的消退阶段,高低状态焦虑组被试在条件恐惧的消退阶段差异显著,高状态焦虑组被试对与无条件刺激相配对的中性刺激表现出条件恐惧消退抑制效应;第五,在有辨别条件恐惧范式的消退阶段,高状态焦虑组被试与低状态焦虑组被试相比对与无条件刺激相配对的中性刺激表现出消退抑制,并表现出较强的条件恐惧辨别能力;第六,被试休息1小时后,在消退阶段无论是有辨别条件恐惧还是无辨别条件恐惧,高低状态焦虑组被试间差异不显著,高状态焦虑组被试表现出条件恐惧消退抑制效应消失;第七,社会心理应激成功的诱发了应激组的高状态焦虑,被试休息1小时候,其状态焦虑水平恢复到正常水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 As many types of anxiety related disorders can be explained by the concept of conditional fear.The differences in the acquisition and extinction of fear conditioning are considered as the predisposing factors of anxiety disorders.However,previous studies have used anxiety disorder patients or trait anxiety subjects to explore the relationship between anxiety and conditional fear acquisition and extinction.As anxiety disorders,or trait anxiety subjects and healthy subjects were different,we explored the causal relationship between anxiety and the acquisition of conditional fear in this study.This research includes three research,six experiments.We used the state anxiety as independent variables and 298 people who without anxiety disorder as our research subjects.There was two experiments which contained CS-or not in each research.Using TSST to induce the state anxiety of the subjects before the acquisition and extinction of fear conditioning.We used subjective rating(US expectation value)and SCR to explore influence of the state anxiety to the fear conditioning.The design of this experiment is as follows:In study 1,in order to explore the influence of the state anxiety to the acquisition of fear conditioning,we induced students’ state anxiety before acquisition.Study 1 included two experimental designs.In experiment a that without CS-used 2(group: High and low state anxiety)× 3(fear conditioning stage: Habituation stage,Acquisition stage,Extinction stage)experiment plan.In experiment b that with CS-used 2(group: High and low state anxiety)×3(fear conditioning stage: Habituation stage,Acquisition stage,Extinction stage)×2(CS type: CS+,CS-)experiment plan.In study2,in order to explore the influence of the state anxiety to the extinction of fear conditioning,we induced students’ state anxiety before Extinction.Study 2 included two experimental designs.In experiment c that without CS-the design of this experiment is same as experiment a.In experiment d that with CS-the design of this experiment is same as experiment b.In the third study,in order to further verify the effect of state anxiety on the extinction of conditioned fear,we asked subjects to rest for 1 hours before the extinction of conditionedfear.In experiment e that without CS-the design of this experiment is same as experiment a.In experiment f that with CS-the design of this experiment is same as experiment b.The conclusions as follows:First,there is no significant difference between the stress group and control group in the habitutation stage of the fear conditioning in the experiment with or without CS-.Second,in the experiment without CS-,there is no significant difference between the high and low state anxiety in the acquisition stage of the fear conditioning.Whether high state anxiety or low state anxiety group participants learned fear conditioning are the same.Third,there was no significant difference between the high and low state anxiety group in the acquisition stage of conditional fear with CS-.High state anxiety as the same as the low state anxiety group showed fear conditioning discrimination enhancement.Fourth,there was significant difference between the high and low state anxiety group in the stage of the fear conditioned extinction without CS-,High state anxiety group showed the inhibition effect of extinction when compared with low state anxiety group.Fifth,in the stage of fear extinction with CS-,high state anxiety group showed that the condition of CS+ was more difficult to extinct than the low state anxiety group.Only the high state anxiety showed fear conditioning discrimination enhancement.Sixth,after 1 hours of rest,there was no significant difference between the high and low state anxiety groups in the stage of fear extinction,whether it was with or without the CS-.High state anxiety groups fear extinction inhibition effect disappeared.Seventh,there is significant difference between stress groups and control group after social psychological stress,which indicated that the social psychological stress successfully induced high state anxiety in stress group.更多还原