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论刘慈欣科幻小说中的生存意识
【作者】 刘晓；
【导师】 吕周聚；
【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2017， 硕士
【摘要】 刘慈欣的小说为中国当代科幻小说的进程掀开了新的一章,也给自晚清以来科学幻想世界增添了浓厚的一笔。其小说主要承袭英国新浪潮运动之前的古典主义,宏阔壮丽的科学技术理性之美是作家创作中最瞩目的特色,但其中的人文主义因素也不应该被忽略,而当下对于这方面的研究成果相对较少。刘慈欣由于受到西方古典主义、中国传统文化和当下现实环境三方面影响,在小说中形成了他对人的生存的独特考量,这有一定的研究价值。本文在细读刘慈欣小说文本和相关研究成果的基础之上,以准确辨析“生存意识”概念为前提,运用存在主义哲学相关理论,从对人的存在思考入手,探寻刘慈欣小说在科学理性节制之下的非理性因素,分析作者用科学幻想营造的激发生存意识的极端环境以及人类在此境遇下所做出的行动,并且在剖析作者生存意识在小说中映射的同时,阐释其背后的生存哲思,最终得出作家在文本中表达的生存意识指向。本文主要分为四个部分论述:绪论部分一方面梳理人文主义因素在中外科幻小说中出现与发展的进程,并在此基础之上归纳当下对刘慈欣小说的研究以交代问题提出的背景;另一方面界定了“生存意识”的概念,从存在主义哲学中找到理论依据,为下文所要论述的生存意识做理论铺垫。第一章论述了人类在科幻构思中所面临的生存困境,包括三部分内容。首先,人类赖以生存的多样文化在刘慈欣“宏细节”视角的审视下相继毁灭;其次,人类个体的信仰在物质与精神的危机中变得失落;最后,探究人类在生存废墟上再生失败后遭受的绝望。第二章在第一章所论述的生存境遇基础之上分析身处困境的人类所做的应对行动,分别从个体、与他人的联系和价值观三个角度展现不同的生存世态。在极端环境中,英雄的选择与反抗变得尤为重要,人类需要英雄的带领来度过生存危机;为了克服孤独与恐惧,一直被忽略的人际关系重新显露了其存在感;面对艰难的境遇,科技伦理、人文道德等全部被颠覆,对伦理道德的反思由此开始。第三章探讨趋向存在的哲思,本章用敬畏自然与维持生存、技术之美与死亡之惧、回到过去与超越当下三组相关词语去解答在刘慈欣小说中所体现的生存意识问题,即人的生存应处于什么样的位置、遵循什么样的价值、去往何处的方向,最终目的在于找到刘慈欣在小说中所体现的生存意识的指向。总之,从刘慈欣冷酷严峻的科学幻想世界深处所映射出的是其对人的生存的关怀。本文力图为刘慈欣科幻小说提供新的研究空间,从小说文本入手,系统探讨其中生存意识被激发的背景、表现方式、哲学情思三个方面。第一章侧重于作者创作的科幻小说中特有的情景,第二章重点运用存在主义理论分析,第三章则融合前两章的内容,以生存哲学为基础,探究作家在作品中蕴藏着的主观指向。
【Abstract】 Liu Cixin’s novel opened a new chapter of contemporary Chinese science fiction,and also added strong influence to the fantasy science world since the late Qing dynasty.His novel mainly follows classicism before the new wave,magnificence rational beauty of science and technology is the most remarkable characteristics in the writer’s works,but the humanistic factors should not be ignored and at present the research results are relatively few.Due to the three aspects influence of western classicism,Chinese traditional culture and the present reality environment,Liu formed his unique considerations of human survival in the novel,this has certain research value.Based on the close reading text and related research achievements of Liu’s novel,the paper analyzed accurate consciousness of "survival" concept on the basis of the theory of related existential philosophy,explored the scientific rationality of irrational factors and the action of human made under the circumstances from the thinking about man’s existence.Analyzing the author’s survival of consciousness in the novel,the paper interpreted the survival of philosophizing at the same time,finally concluded writer’s expressed to the survival of consciousness in the text.This paper mainly divided into four parts:Introduction part,on the one hand,combed humanism factors in the Chinese and foreign science fiction and the development process,on this basis summarized the present research on Liu’s novel to coming up with the issues’ background.On the other hand,the introduction defined the conception of "survival consciousness",found the theoretical foundation from the existential philosophy and foreshadowed theory for the following discussion of the survival consciousness.In basis of science conception,the first chapter discussed the survival predicament which human are facing with,including three parts.Firstly,from scrutiny of Liu’s “ macro details ”,the diverse cultures which human beings are relying on were subsequently destroyed.Secondly,the beliefs of individual became lost in the material and spiritual crisis.Finally,to explore the human’s despair on the ruins ofsurvival after the failure of spontaneous regeneration.The second chapter in the basis of first chapter analyzed the response action of human in trouble and showed the ways of world from the individual,the contact with others and values three perspectives.In extreme circumstances,hero selection and resistance were becoming particularly important,human need hero’s lead to surviving in crisis.In order to overcome loneliness and fear,the neglected interpersonal relationship were to reveal its presence.In the face of the difficult circumstances,scientific and technological ethic,humanistic moral were all be reversed,starting the reflect on ethical and moral.The third chapter discussed the trends to the existentialism,using--revering nature and keeping alive,the beauty of the technology and the fear of death,backing to the past and going beyond the present--three groups of related words to answer the questions of the survival consciousness embodied in the novel,that is what position should be in existence,what kind of value should follow,which direction should be going.Ultimate goal is to find Liu’s trends to the survival of consciousness embodied in his novel.In brief,Liu’s hard science fiction world deep mapped out his concern for people’s survival.The paper tries to provide new research space for Liu Cixin’s science fiction,systematically investigates the background of the existence consciousness,the expression and the philosophical thoughts from the text.The first chapter focused on the author’s peculiar to science fiction,the second chapter focused on the basis of the theory of existential analysis,the third chapter mixed the two chapters,basing on the philosophy of survival,explored writer’s subjective in his work.