【作者】 王瑞；

【导师】 周长征；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 经济法学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 劳务派遣作为一种非标准劳动关系,其已经突破了传统劳动关系中用人单位与劳动者的一一对应关系。劳务派遣的核心特征便在于劳动关系与实际用工的分离,这将可能会导致传统劳动关系中的用人单位责任无法明确地落实给某一具体的主体,从而给派遣工本应享有的合法权益造成损害。而劳动合同法中所规定的连带责任制度则可以在一定程度上解决这一问题。该制度能够充分地维护并救济劳动者的合法权益,并且有效地促进劳务派遣行业的健康长远发展。在劳务派遣中,派遣单位和用工单位这两个法律主体实际上是在共同控制着劳动过程,派遣单位与用工单位二者分别因为雇佣与使用派遣工而受益;二者正是基于共同控制与受益而应当承担连带责任。但是劳动合同法中就连带责任的相关规定仍然存在着一定的模糊性,主要体现在一是派遣单位与用工单位这两个法律主体相互承担连带责任的规定目前尚不全面,二是连带责任的重要组成部分之一即内部追偿权尚不明确,三是连带责任制度的适用范围也尚不明确。相关规定的模糊性也在一定程度上导致了司法实践中的较大差异。在《劳动合同法》第92条修订之后,用工单位对于派遣单位给劳动者所造成的损害是否应当承担连带责任,这仍然是现实中亟待解决的核心问题。用工单位免于承担连带责任将不仅对充分保护派遣工的合法权益产生负面影响,而且也不利于用工单位谨慎地选择并积极地监督派遣单位。因此,首先法律应当明确规定,派遣单位与用工单位这两个法律主体应当相互承担连带责任;其次法律应当就连带责任内部的追偿权以及最终的责任分担予以明确;最后还应当注意,这两个单位仅仅应当就其共同控制的过程、并且是与派遣工合法利益密切相关的重要事项相互承担连带责任。在具体操作中应当区分劳动报酬、工伤赔偿、经济补偿与赔偿金等范围内的损害事项,分情况、分阶段地予以具体讨论,从而确定派遣单位与用工单位二者的连带责任。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分介绍了江苏省高院的一则公报案例及其裁判摘要和启示,并由此引出本文主要研究的问题,即用工单位对于派遣单位给劳动者造成的损害是否应当承担连带责任。这一部分也对劳务派遣连带责任制度的研究现状进行了系统性的梳理。第二部分首先介绍了劳务派遣的概念以及劳务派遣连带责任的含义,在此基础上梳理了我国劳务派遣连带责任制度的相关规定,其中重点梳理了派遣单位与用工单位二者各自所负担的法定义务。该部分还分析了劳务派遣连带责任制度的现实意义。第三部分通过详细介绍并评价劳务派遣中的用人单位责任应如何承担的有关理论,指出应当从劳务派遣三方关系的特殊性入手,对劳务派遣连带责任制度进行法理分析,派遣单位和用工单位二者正是基于共同控制与受益而应当承担连带责任。第四部分指出了我国现行劳务派遣连带责任制度的立法缺陷,并结合典型案例指出,正是相关规定的模糊性在才一定程度上导致了司法实践中的不同指导意见与个案差异。第五部分以上述讨论为基础,指出了一种可能的路径来完善我国的劳务派遣连带责任制度。依循这一路径,在充分地对派遣工的合法权益进行保护或者救济的同时,还可以合理地控制并且平衡派遣单位和用工单位这两个法律主体各自所负担的成本与风险,并且有效地促进劳务派遣行业的健康长远发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a sort of non-standard labor relation,labor dispatch involves three subjects:the labor dispatch entity,the employer and the dispatched worker.The biggest characteristic of labor dispatch is that the labor dispatch entity hires the worker but it doesn’t use him,which makes it difficult to fulfill the responsibilities of traditional employers and makes it easy to impair the rights and interests of the dispatched workers.Labor Contract Law introduced the joint and several liabilities to labor dispatch,and it can protect the dispatched workers and impel labor dispatch industry to develop regularly and legally.In labor dispatch,the labor dispatch entity and the employer jointly have control over the dispatched worker and both of them can benefit from hiring and using the worker.The labor dispatch entity and the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities based on that joint control and benefits.But there are still some uncertainties in the related provisions.Firstly,the provision of joint and several liabilities between the labor dispatch entity and the employer is fragmentary.Secondly,whether the labor dispatch entity and the employer can reimburse each other for their shares of the debt is not clear.Finally,the application scope of the joint and several liabilities is not precise.The uncertainties above result in the differences among the juridical practice.In labor dispatch,the key point is whether the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities.If the employer doesn’t need to assume joint and several liabilities,it will not only be difficult to protect the rights and interests of the dispatched workers,but also make it impossible to require the employer to choose the labor dispatch entity carefully or to supervise the labor dispatch entity strictly.The law should definitely provide that both the labor dispatch entity and the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities no matter which of them causes damage to the dispatched worker.At the same time,the law should provide how they can ask each other to reimburse it for its share of the debt.What’s more,the labor dispatch entity and the employer shall assume the joint and several liabilities that emerge from their joint control stage,and the matters must be closely related to the rights and interests of the dispatched workers.In practice,the labor dispatch entity and the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities which are caused by the damages from labor remuneration,compensation for industrial injury,economic compensation and compensation at the rate of twice the economic compensations.The paper consists of five parts.The first part introduces a bulletin case published by the High People’s Court of Jiangsu Province.After introducing the case and its judicial abstract and enlightenments,the main research question emerges that whether either of the labor dispatch entity or the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities no matter which of them causes damage to the dispatched worker.This part also shows the current states and progress of related researches.The second part introduces the concept of labor dispatch and the meaning of the joint and several liabilities of labor dispatch.Based on the introductions above,the paper reviews Chinese existing provisions and particularly reviews the obligations of the labor dispatch entity and the employer.The third part makes jurisprudence analysis of the joint and several liabilities system of labor dispatch.The paper particularly introduces some theories on how to distribute responsibilities between the labor dispatch entity and the employer,and emphasize that the labor dispatch entity and the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities based on their joint control and benefits.Then the paper analyses the value of the joint and several liabilities system of labor dispatch.The fourth part points out three problems of the existing joint and several liabilities system.Combined with some typical cases,the paper points out that the problems above result in the differences among the juridical practice.The last part offers some proposals on how to improve the existing joint and several liabilities system.Chinese Law should definitely provide that both the labor dispatch entity and the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities no matter which of them causes damage to the dispatched worker.At the same time,the law should provide how they can ask each other to reimburse it for its share of the debt.And the labor dispatch entity and the employer shall assume joint and several liabilities which are caused by the damages from several aspects.The proposals above should work together to make the best use of the joint and several liabilities system of labor dispatch.更多还原