【作者】 王靖宇；

【导师】 丁伟；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农药学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 全球气候变化背景下,干旱影响范围不断扩大,已成为进一步提高大豆单产水平的瓶颈问题。转基因抗旱大豆的培育,对解决干旱造成大豆产量和品质降低这一生产难题具有重要的实践意义。杂草是农田生态系统的重要组成部分,与作物竞争光照、水分、养分等自然资源。研究干旱胁迫下,转DREB3基因抗旱大豆及其受体大豆东农50与杂草的竞争关系,为转基因抗旱大豆环境安全性评价提供基础数据。以C₄代谢途径杂草反枝苋和C₃代谢途径杂草苘麻为试验材料,研究大豆与杂草在光照、水分、光合特性及养分含量等方面的竞争关系,具体研究结果如下:1.干旱胁迫和充足水分条件下,杂草对大豆植株各器官生物量、土壤水分含量、光照强度及养分含量具有显著竞争优势。其中C₄杂草反枝苋对大豆各器官生物量的抑制及地下15cm处水分含量的影响更大。C₃杂草苘麻对大豆不同高度光照强度的影响较C₄杂草反枝苋更大。2.干旱胁迫和充足的水分条件下,大豆对杂草各器官生物量、土壤水分含量、光照强度及养分含量的影响很小,不具备竞争优势。3.干旱胁迫和充足水分条件下,C₄杂草反枝苋与C₃杂草苘麻相比,根系和地上部生物量更大;植株N、P、K含量更高;反枝苋的光合速率显著高于苘麻的光合速率,且对地下养分竞争优势明显。C₄杂草反枝苋与C₃杂草苘麻相比,能更好的适应干旱条件。4.干旱胁迫和杂草竞争下,大豆根系与地上部干重、光合速率及N、P、K含量均显著降低;C₄杂草反枝苋根系和地上部干重、光合速率及N、P含量与充足水分下相比差异不显著。C₃杂草苘麻光合速率及N、P含量与充足水分下相比差异不显著。5.干旱胁迫下,转基因大豆在植株生长、光合速率、养分等方面与C₄杂草反枝苋及C₃杂草苘麻相比无竞争优势,不具备杂草化特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the background of global climate change,the impact of drought is expanding,drought has become the bottleneck problem of increasing the yield for soybean.The cultivation of transgenic drought resistant soybean has important practical significance to solve the production problem of soybean yield and quality reduction caused by drought.Weeds are an important part of the farmland ecosystem,and compete with crops for natural resources such as light,water and nutrients.Study on the competitive relationship between DREB3 transgenic drought resistant soybean and weeds,the competitive relationship between receptor Dongnong50 and weeds aimed to provide basic data for environmental safety evaluation of transgenic drought resistant soybean.C₃ weed（Abutilon theophrasti Medic）and C₄ weed（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）as experimental materials,study the competitive relationship between soybean and weeds in light,water,photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient content.The main results were as follows:1.Under drought stress and sufficient water condition,compared with the soybean,weed has a significant competitive advantage in biomass,soil water content,light intensity and nutrient content.Among them,C₄ weed（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）had more depressing influence on the biomass of soybean,had more depressing influence on moisture content of where belowde the surface 15 cm.Effect of soybean on light intensity at different heights,C₃ weed（Abutilon theophrasti Medic）had greater effects than C₄ weed（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）.2.Under drought stress and sufficient water condition,soybean has little effects for weed on biomass,soil water content,light intensity and nutrient content.Soybean did not have the competitive advantage.3.Under drought stress and sufficient water condition,compared with the C₄ weed（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）,C₃ weed（Abutilon theophrasti Medic）has greater biomass in root and shoot.C₄ weed（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）has higher content in N,P and K.Photosynthetic rate of Amaranthus retroflexus L.was significantly higher than that of Abutilon theophrasti Medic.And it has obvious competitive advantage for underground nutrients.Compared with C₃ weed（Abutilon theophrasti Medic）,C₄ weed（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）can better adapt to drought conditions.4.Under drought stress and weed competition,root and shoot dry weight,photosynthetic rate and the contents of N,P,K were significantly decreased for soybean.There was nodifference in root and shoot dry weight,photosynthetic rate and the contents of N,P for C₄ weed under adequate water conditin.C₃ weed no significant difference in photosynthetic rate and the contents of N,P.5.Under drought stress,compared with C₃ weed（Abutilon theophrasti Medic）and C₄ weed（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）,transgenic drought resistant soybean showed no competitive advantage on plant growth,photosynthetic rate,and nutrient.Transgenic drought resistant soybean does not have the characteristics of weeds.更多还原