【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 林静；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 深松培垄施肥是玉米种植过程中的重要生产环节,具有能够打破犁底层,能够将耕作层进一步加深,也能够改善土壤内部耕层结构,更能够提高蓄水抗旱的能力。玉米根系的生长离不开水分的滋养,中耕可以为玉米根系的生长提供充足的水分,以便土壤根部的水分能够提供给植株,促进植株的生长。由于农作物在生长过程中需要充足的肥料,追肥就变得尤为重要,因此深松培垄施肥对提高玉米产量具有重要的意义。本文选题来源于公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116-09):"东北平原中南部旱地合理耕层构建配套农机具研究与示范"。论文研究取得的主要研究成果及结论如下:(1)通过对国内外中耕机现状的分析,介绍了中耕机发展的优点与不足,为了解决土壤耕作与土壤培肥技术不完善、土壤跑墒严重等造成植物的减产的问题,同时为了解决辽宁省辽西地区合理耕层构建技术指标机具配套问题,研制了一种深松培垄施肥联合作业中耕机。完成了各个部分的结构设计与材料选择,深松培垄部件、限深装置及施肥开沟装置等进行了三维建模。(2)在对2ZZ-3型深松培垄施肥联合作业机的总体结构设计的基础上,对深松培垄部件进行了力学分析,研究了培土器曲面的形成原理,分析了培土器的翻土过程,得出了培土器的构成原理方法。(3)利用ANSYS Workbench软件研究深松培垄铲柄的模型,并对其进行了有限元分析,得到了铲柄的等效应力图和位移图,确定了深松培垄铲柄的最大应力为62.622 MPa,满足设计要求。对直板培土器和曲面培土器进行仿真,得出曲面培土器培土效果比直板培土器培土效果更好。(4)在对土壤含水率和土壤坚实度测定的基础上,采用三因素三水平的正交试验方法对2ZZ-3型深松培垄施肥联合作业机进行了田间实际工作效果的试验研究。确定了拖拉机前进速度、深松深度和培土器开角作为三个因素,比阻和伤苗率作为试验指标,结果表明:前进速度为5km/h,深松深度为25 cm,培土器开角为60°时,伤苗率最低,比阻最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deep loosening ridging fertilizer is an important production link in the process of planting corn.It can break the plow and further deepen the cultivation layer,it also can improve the soil layer structure and the ability of drought resistance and water.Corn root cannot grow without moisture nourishment,Cultivator can provide sufficient moisture of corn root growth.So that water can be supplied to the plant,and promote the growth of the plant.The crops need plenty of fertilizer in the growth process,fertilizer becomes particularly important,so deep loosening ridging fertilizer has important significance for agricultural development.This topic comes from the public sector(Agriculture)special scientific research(201503116-09):"Research and demonstration on the establishment of reasonable plough layer in the central and southern plains of Northeast China".The main research results and conclusions are as follows:(1)Through the analysis of the present situation of cultivating machines at home and abroad,introduces the advantages and shortcomings of the cultivator development,in order to solve the problem of soil tillage and soil fertilizing technique is not perfect,according to the special soil serious cause plant production at the same time in order to solve the problem,the area of Liaoning province in the construction reasonable technical index of related machines,developed a deep loosening ridging fertilizer combined cultivator.The structural design and material selection of each component is completed,and the three-dimensional modeling of the deep loose ridge,the depth limiting component and the fertilizer component.(2)On the basis of the overall structure design of 2ZZ-3 deep loosening ridging and fertilizing combine,the deep loosening ridging parts for the mechanical analysis,the paper researches the principle of forming Hiller surface,analyzes the process of turning over the soil covering device,the Hiller principle method.(3)Application of deep loosening ridging shovel handle model establishment of ANSYS Workbench software,and the finite element analysis was carried out,the equivalent shovel handle the stress and displacement plot,determine the deep loosening ridging shovel handle the maximum stress is 62.622 MPa,meet the design requirements.For monoblock hiller and surface hiller simulation,it is concluded that surface hiller ridging effect than a straightforward hiller ridging effect is better.(4)Based on soil moisture content and soil hardness determination on the test by the method of orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels of 2ZZ-3 deep loosening ridging and fertilizing combine the effect of field work.To determine the speed of the tractor,subsoiling depth and Hiller open angle as three factors,specific resistance and seedling injury rate as test indexes.The results show that the speed of 5 km/h,subsoiling depth is 25 cm,Hiller open angle is 60 degrees.The seedling injury rate is the lowest,the minimum resistance ratio.更多还原