【作者】 王晶；

【导师】 张勇；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 仔猪早期断奶应激是制约养猪生产的一个重要因素,它可造成仔猪采食量减少,生产性能低下,生长发育期仔猪的生长速度减缓,对养猪生产效益影响极大。在仔猪饲粮中添加风味剂可提高断奶仔猪采食量,缓解断奶应激造成的危害。本论文包括三个试验,添加不同水平的植物提取甜味剂(Phytoextraction sweetener,PES),旨在探究PES的诱食效果及对糖精钠的替代作用;添加初乳香香味剂(Colostrum flavor,CF)与不同浓度PES的复合,旨在研究CF与PES的复合效果;复合鲜味剂(Flavor enhancer,FE)、PES及二者共同的添加,旨在研究FE对PES诱食效果的增强作用,最终为新型天然甜味剂、香甜复合剂、鲜甜复合剂在仔猪断奶应激方面的研究提供理论依据。试验一考察不同水平PES对断奶仔猪的诱食效果。试验分为两个部分,偏食性试验将36头24日龄断奶的大白仔猪随机分为3个处理组,每组处理组包含4个重复,每个重复包括3头猪。试验期为5天。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加任何风味诱食剂)。试验组饲粮在基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.2g/kg的糖精钠、0.2g/kgPES、0.4g/kgPES。生长试验选取遗传背景和生理状况相近的16头母猪所产的体况良好、体重相近的仔猪160头(每头母猪选10头仔猪),随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复10头仔猪,试验期35天。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加任何风味诱食剂)。试验饲粮在对照组基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.2g/kg的糖精钠(试验A组)、0.2g/kgPES(试验B组)、0.4g/kgPES(试验C组)。试验分为2阶段:第一阶段为7日龄至24日龄(哺乳教槽阶段),第二阶段为24日龄至42日龄(断奶过渡阶段)。结果表明:(1)断奶仔猪对A、B、C组的偏食性和偏食指数分别为52.20、56.04、56.54和1.09、1.28、1.30(2)与对照组和A组相比,B组、C组在断奶过渡阶段显著提高了平均采食量、平均日增重、显著降低了料重比(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,试验C组可显著降低仔猪血清中去甲肾上腺素、D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶的含量(P<0.05),试验B组可显著降低断奶仔猪血清中皮质醇的含量(P<0.05)。与试验A组相比,C组显著降低了血清中皮质醇、D-乳酸、去甲肾上腺素的含量,B组显著降低了血清中皮质醇的含量。可见,断奶仔猪对试验B组、试验C组具有中等-高度偏好,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加B、C可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,不同程度的缓解仔猪早期断奶应激。综合各种指标,0.4g/kgPES的添加效果最好。试验二考察CF与PES共同添加对断奶仔猪的影响。试验分为两个部分,偏食性试验将36头24日龄断奶的大白仔猪随机分为3个处理组,每组处理组包含4个重复,每个重复包括3头猪。试验期为5天。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加任何风味诱食剂)。试验饲粮在对照组基础饲粮基础上分别添加香甜复合剂Ⅰ(基础饲粮+ CF1g/kg+糖精钠0.2g/kg)、香甜复合剂Ⅱ(基础饲粮+PES0.2g/kg+CF1g/kg)、香甜复合剂Ⅲ(基础饲粮+PES0.4g/kg+CF1g/kg)。生长试验选取遗传背景和生理状况相近的16头母猪所产的体况良好、体重相近的仔猪160头(每头母猪选10头仔猪),随机分为4个处理组,每组处理组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验期35天。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加任何风味诱食剂)。试验饲粮在对照组基础饲粮基础上分别添加香甜复合剂Ⅰ(基础饲粮+CF1g/kg+糖精钠0.2g/kg)、香甜复合剂Ⅱ(基础饲粮+PES0.2g/kg+CF1g/kg)、香甜复合剂Ⅲ(基础饲粮+ PES0.4g/kg+CF1g/kg)。试验分为2阶段:第一阶段为7日龄至24日龄(哺乳教槽阶段),第二阶段为24日龄至42日龄(断奶过渡阶段)。结果表明:(1)断奶仔猪对香甜复合剂Ⅱ、香甜复合剂Ⅲ、香甜复合剂Ⅰ的偏食性和偏食指数分别为59.01、62.27、54.39和1.44、1.66、1.20。(2)与对照组相比,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加香甜复合剂Ⅱ、香甜复合剂Ⅲ在断奶过渡阶段显著提高了平均采食量、平均日增重、显著降低了料重比(P<0.05)。相对于香甜复合剂Ⅰ,香甜复合剂Ⅱ、香甜复合剂Ⅲ组显著提高了仔猪的平均日增重、显著降低了仔猪的料重比,香甜复合剂Ⅲ组显著提高了仔猪的平均采食量。(3)与对照组相比,添加香甜复合剂Ⅲ可显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05)(4)相对于对照组,添加香甜复合剂Ⅲ可显著降低仔猪腹泻率血清中胆囊收缩素、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、D-乳酸的含量(P<0.05),添加香甜复合剂Ⅱ可显著降低断奶仔猪血清中胆囊收缩素、去甲肾上腺素、D-乳酸的含量(P<0.05)。相对于香甜复合剂Ⅰ,香甜复合剂Ⅲ组显著高了仔猪血清中饥饿素的含量,显著降低了仔猪血清中D-乳酸含量。可见,试验期间,断奶仔猪对香甜复合剂Ⅱ、香甜复合剂Ⅲ具有中等-高度偏好,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加香甜复合剂Ⅱ、香甜复合剂Ⅲ可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,不同程度的缓解仔猪早期断奶应激。综合各种指标,CF+0.4g/kgPES的复合效果最好。试验三考察FE对PES诱食效果的增强作用。试验分为两个部分,偏食性试验将48头24日龄断奶的大白仔猪随机分为4个处理组,每组处理组4个重复,每个重复3头猪。试验期5天。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加任何风味诱食剂)。试验组分别为FE组(基础饲粮+FE0.2g/kg)、PES组(基础饲粮+PES0.2g/kg)、糖精钠组(基础饲粮+糖精钠0.2g/kg)、PES+FE组(基础饲粮+PES0.2g/kg+FE0.2g/kg)。生长试验选取遗传背景和生理状况相近的20头母猪所产的体况良好、体重相近的仔猪200头(每头母猪选10头仔猪),随机分为5个处理组,每组处理组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验期35天。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加任何风味诱食剂)。试验组分别为FE组(基础饲粮+FE0.2g/kg)、PES组(基础饲粮+PES0.2g/kg)、糖精钠组(基础饲粮+糖精钠0.2g/kg)、PES+FE组(基础饲粮+PES0.2g/kg+FE0.2g/kg)。试验分为2阶段:第一阶段为7日龄至24日龄(哺乳教槽阶段),第二阶段为24日龄至42日龄(断奶过渡阶段)。结果表明:(1)断奶仔猪对糖精钠、PES组、PES+FE组、FE组的偏食性和偏食指数分别为51.97、56.97、61.43、55.60 和 1.08、1.33、1.60、1.25。(2)与对照组相比,PES、FE 及二者共同添加可显著提高平均日增重、降低料重比、降低腹泻率(P<0.05)。两者共同添加还可以显著提高日平均采食量(P<0.05)。相对于糖精钠,PES、FE及二者共同添加可显著提高平均日增重(P<0.05),PES及两者的共同添加可降低断奶仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05),FE及两者共同添加可降低断奶仔猪死亡率(P<0.05)。(3)相对于对照组,PES、FE及两者共同显著提高了血清中饥饿素的含量(P<0.05),显著降低了血清中D-乳酸含量(P<0.05),二者的交互作用对提高断奶仔猪血清中饥饿素水平具有显著影响(P<0.05)。PES及PES+FE显著降低了血清中皮质醇、二胺氧化酶水平(P<0.05)。相对于糖精钠组,PES、FE及两者共同显著降低了血清中皮质醇水平(P<0.05)。PES及PES+FE提高了血清中饥饿素的含量,降低了血清中二胺氧化酶水平(P<0.05)。可见,断奶仔猪对PES、FE及二者共同添加中等-高度偏好,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加PES、FE及二者共同添加可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,不同程度的缓解仔猪早期断奶应激。从效果来看,PES+FE的添加效果做好。由此看出,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加不同水平的PES、PES与CF共同添加、FE与PES的共同添加均能不同程度的改善断奶仔猪生产性能、缓解断奶仔猪早期应激。推荐添加①0.4g/kgPES②CF与0.4g/kgPES共同添加及③FE与PES共同添加。更多还原

【Abstract】 EWS is an important factor to restrict the production of pig farming.It can decrease the piglets’ intake of feeding,growth performance,growth rate and slow down the growth of piglets,which has a great impact on the eff-iciency of pig farming.Adding flavor agents in piglets’ diets can improve the piglets’ intake and relieve them from the EWS.The research includes three experiment.The results of the research would offer a theoretical basis for the study of the new sweeteners,sweet,fresh and sweet composite compound the agent on weaned piglets’ EWS.Trial one:The effects of different levels of PES on weaned piglets.The experiment has two parts.36 piglets,whose age were 24-days-old,were used in test(1).These piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups,each group has 4 replicates,and in each replicate there are 3 piglets.The test lasted 5d.The control diet is the basal diet,which didn,t add any flavor agents.The piglets in test groups of A、B、C were feed with test diet,and the test diet were added 0.2g/kg Saccharin sodium(SS)、0.2g/kgPES、0.4g/kg PES separately.160 piglets with good body weight and similar body weight were selected,whose sows has the same genetic background and physiological status.These piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group has 4 replicates,and in each replicate there are 10 piglets.The test lasted 35d.The control diet is the basal diet,which didn,t add any flavor agents.The piglets in test groups of A、B、C were feed with test diet,and the test diet were added 0.2g/kgSS、0.2g/kgPES、0.4g/kg PES separately.The experiment is divided into 2 parts:The first stage is lactation stage,those groups were trained with control diet and the test diets to teach groove.The second stage is from the age of 24 to the age of 42,it is the weaning transition stage.The results display that:1)The Fodder perference and partial eclipse indexes of group A、B、C were 52.20、56.04、56.54andl.09、1.28、1.30.2)The F/G of groupB and groupC on weaned piglets reduced extremely significantly in the weaning transition stage(P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of groupB and groupC on weaned piglets incresed extremely significantly in the weaning transition(P<0.05).3)The NE、DAO and L-lactic acid level of weaned piglets with group Cwere reduced significantly(P<0.05).The COR level of weaned piglets with group B was reduced significantly(P<0.05).These results showed that there was a medium preference of group C and group B.The diets with group B and group C could improve the growth performance and relieve the EWS in different levels.Compared with all the various indicators,the best effect group was 0.4g/kgPES group.Trial two:Application effects of CF and PES on weaned piglets.The experiment has two parts.36 piglets,whose age were 24-days-old,were used in test(1).These piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups,each group has 4 replicates,and in each replicate there are 3 piglets.The test lasted 5d.The control diet is the basal diet,which didn,t add any flavor agents.The piglets in test groups of Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲwere feed with test diet,and the test diet were added CF1g/kg+ 0.2g/kgSS.0.2g/kgPES+CF1g/kg、PES0.4g/kg+CFlg/kg separately.160 piglets with good body weight and similar body weight were selected,whose sows has the same genetic background and physiological status.These piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group has 4 replicates,and in each replicate there are 10 piglets.The test lasted 5d.The control diet is the basal diet,which didn,t add any flavor agents.The piglets in test groups of Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ were feed with test diet,and the test diet were added CF1g/kg+0.2g/kgSS、0.2g/kgPES+CF1g/kg、PES0.4g/kg+CF1g/kg separately.The experiment is divided into 2 parts:The first stage is lactation stage,those groups were trained with control diet and the test diets to teach groove.The second stage is from the age of 24 to the age of 42,it is the weaning transition stage.The results displayed that:1)The Fodder perference and partial eclipse indexes of group Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ were 54.39、59.01、62.27and 1.20、1.44、1.66.The F/G of weaned piglets with group Ⅰ、Ⅱ、was reduced extremely significantly in the weaning transition stage(P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of weaned piglets with group Ⅰ、Ⅱ、were incresed extremely significantly in the weaning transition(P<0.05).3)The Diarrhea rate of weaned piglets with group Ⅱ was reduced extremely significantly in the weaning transition stage(P<0.05).4)The CCK、NE、ADR、and L-lactic acid level of weaned piglets with group II were reduced significantly(P<0.05).The CCK、NE、and L-lactic acid level of weaned piglets withfroup I was reduced significantly(P<0.05).These results suggested that there was a medium preference of group Ⅱ、group I.The diets added group Ⅱ and group I could improve the growth performance and relieve the EWS in different levels.Compared with all the various indicators,the best effect group was 0.4g/kgPES+FE group.Trial three:Application effects of FE、PES and their compound on weaned piglets.The experiment has two parts.48 piglets,whose age were 24-days-old,were used in test(1).These piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group has 4 replicates,and in each replicate there are 3 piglets.The test lasted 5d.The piglets in test groups of 1、2、3、4were feed with test diet,and the test diet were added FE0.2g/kg、PES 0.2 g/kg、SS 0.2g/kgPES 0.2 g/kg +FE 0.2g/kg separately.2)200 piglets with good body weight and similar body weight were selected,whose sows has the same genetic background and physiological status.The experiment has two parts.These piglets were randomly divided into 5 groups,each group has 4 replicates,and in each replicate there are 10 piglets.The test lasted 5d.The piglets in test groups of 1、2、3、4were feed with test diet,and the test diet were added FE0.2g/kg、PES 0.2 g/kg、SS 0.2g/kgPES 0.2 g/kg +FE 0.2g/kg separately.The experiment is divided into 2 parts:The first stage is lactation stage,those groups were trained with control diet and the test diets to teach groove.The second stage is from the age of 24 to the age of 42,it is the weaning transition stage.Results showed that:1The Fodder perference and partial eclipse indexes of group 1、2、3.4were 51.97.56.97.61.43.55.60 and 1.08.1.33、1.60、1.25.2)The F/G and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets with PES+FE was reduced extremely significantly in the weaning transition stage(P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of weaned piglets withPES+FE were incresed extremely significantly in the weaning transition(P<0.05).3)The COR.DAO and L-lactic acid level of weaned piglets with FE+PES and PES were reduced significantly(P<0.05).The Ghrelin level of weaned piglets with FE+PES and PES were increased significantly(P<0.05).The L-lactic acid level of weaned piglets with FE was reduced significantly(P<0.05).The Ghrelin level of weaned piglets with FE was increased significantly(P<0.05).There were some interaction with FE and PES in Ghrelin level of weaned piglets.These results suggested that there was a medium preference of FE+PES、PES and FE.The diets added PES+FE.PES and FE could improve the growth performance and relieve the EWS in different levels.Compared with all the various indicators,the best effect group was PES+FE group.Thus,it can be seen that the addition of different levels of PES,PES+CF、the feed of FE、PES、FE+PES can improve the performance of weaned piglets and alleviate the early stress of weaned piglets.The 0.4g/kgPES,CF+0.4g/kgPES,FE+ PES were recommended to add.更多还原