【作者】 王海燕；

【导师】 王金信；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 绿化苗木是城镇绿化的基本要素,是营造绿色景观的基础,我国对绿化苗木在一段时间内仍会有旺盛的需求。但人工绿化林地的生态系统比较脆弱,病虫害传播比较严重,防治苗木病虫害传播的最有效途径就是从源头入手,即加强苗圃地病虫害的监管和防控。苗木产业是惠民县提高农业经济效益、促进农业产业升级的支柱。本研究对山东省惠民县的苗木病虫害进行了调查和分析,通过实地调研等手段调查了惠民县苗木基地的实际情况,进而为提高惠民县苗木生产的质量,为减少苗木植入地病虫害损失提供参考。本研究采用设置样方和现场踏查的方法,对惠民县境内白蜡苗圃地的病虫害进行了实地调查。共调查专业苗木公司白蜡苗圃地4400 hm2,设置样方170个;调查苗木种植合作社白蜡苗圃地5650 hm2,共设置样方149个;调查白蜡苗木种植户87户,共计1594hm2,共设置样方282个。通过调查得到的主要结论如下:1.在白蜡苗圃地中共发现害虫12种,其中,食叶性害虫有5种,包括:美国白蛾、黄刺蛾、扁刺蛾、霜天蛾以及黄缘绿刺蛾;危害枝干的害虫有7种,危害枝干的害虫中,钻蛀枝干的害虫有4种,包括云斑天牛、白蜡窄吉丁虫、小线角木蠢蛾以及柳干木蠢蛾,吸食枝干的害虫有3种,包括草履蚧、斑衣蜡蝉以及白蜡绵粉蚧。调查共在惠民县白蜡苗圃地查到白蜡病害3种:煤污病、流胶病和白蜡褐斑病。2.本研究把苗圃地分为集约化经营的苗圃地和分散经营的苗圃地两种。集约化经营方式的苗圃地中,苗木公司苗圃地总的病虫害发生率仅为0.19%;苗木种植合作社经营的白蜡苗圃地病虫害发生率为0.27%。分散经营方式的苗圃地中,专业种植户苗圃地的病虫害率为0.75%;小型散户经营的白蜡苗圃地病虫害发生率3.8%,病虫害比较严重。调查结果表明:苗圃地越集中,管理越规范,苗圃地病虫害发生率越少,实现苗圃地的集约化经营是降低整个地区苗木病虫害的有效方式。本研究选取了美国白蛾发生较为严重的散户苗圃地进行了有效药剂的筛选,通过试验得出以下结论:使用2%·4000IU/微升甲维·苏云菌悬浮剂防治白蜡苗木美国白蛾,用药量以1000-1500倍液为宜;使用0.3%苦参碱水剂防治,用药量以3-4mg/Kg(有效成分)为宜,即750-1000倍液;使用30.5%甲维盐·灭幼脲悬浮剂122-244mg/Kg(有效成分)防治白蜡苗木美国白蛾,用药量以183-244mg/Kg(有效成分)为宜,即1250-1667倍液;使用20%除虫脲悬浮剂116.5-133mg/Kg(有效成分)防治美国白蛾,适宜用药量以116.5-133mg/Kg(有效成分),即制剂量1504-1717倍液为宜。其中采用1000-1500倍的2%·4000IU/微升甲维·苏云菌悬浮的药液进行美国白蛾防治时,有效虫害减退率可达98%以上,为本次试验条件下化防效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nursery-grown plant is a basic element of the urban greening and a part of urban green landscape,so the demand for green seedlings in China will be stronger in the next period of time.But the ecosystem of artificial green woodland is relatively fragile,the development of diseases and insect pests is more serious,the most effective way to control the spread of seedling pests is to enhance the supervision and management of the nursery pests.The study focuses on the investigation and analysis of the ash nursery pest in Huimin County,Shandong Province.The measures to improve the seedling quality are putted forward through the actual investigation of the nurseries in Huimin County.In the paper,The method of setting the plot was introduced to the investigation of the diseases and insect pests of the ash nursery pest in Huimin County,Shandong Province.4400 acres ash nursery from the professional nursery stock companis was investigation by setting 170 plots;5650 acres ash nursery from the nursery stock cooperatives was investigation by setting 149 plots;1594 acres ash nursery from the Seedling families was investigation by setting 282 plots.The main conclusions are as follows:1)12 species of pests are found in nursery lands.In this investigation.there are 5 kinds of leaf-feeding insects,including:fall webworm(加拉丁名),oriental moth(加拉丁名),nettle grub(加拉丁名),psilogramma menephron(加拉丁名),psilgramma menephorn(加拉丁名)and slug moth(加拉丁名).4 kinds of stem borers include white cloudy spotted borer,ash beech bore,small carpenter moth,and holcocerus walker,3 kinds of trunk insects include drosicha corpulenta,lycorma delicatula and phenacoccus fraxinus Tang.Fraxinus chinensis includes fuliginosa,diaporthe medusaea and fraxinus chinensis.2)In this study,the nursery is divided into two categories: intensive management nursery and decentralized management of nurseriy.The incidence of pests and diseases under the intensive nurseris is relatively low: the total incidence of pests and diseases in the ash nursery of the nursery stock companies is only 0.19%,and the incidence of diseases and insect pests in the nursery of the stock cooperatives is 0.27%.The incidence of pests and diseases in the decentralized nurseris is relatively high: the total incidence of pests and diseases in the ash nursery of the rofessional growers is 0.75%,and the incidence of diseases and insect pests in the nursery of mall retails is 3.8%.The results of the survey are as follows: Intensive management is an effective way to reduce the disease and insect pests of nurseries in the whole region.In order to solve the problem that there are many insect pests in the nursery,the use of chemical control was investigation.The results of the experiment are as follows: the suitable dilution multiple of 2%·4000IU/μL alpha thuringiensis bacterial suspensionbacteria suspension is 1000-1500 times;the suitable dilution multiple of 0.3% matrine agent is 750-1000 times(active ingredient: 3-4mg/Kg);the suitable dilution multiple of 30.5% emamectinbenzoate chlorbenzuron suspending agent is 1250-1667 times(active ingredient: 122-244mg/Kg);the suitable dilution multiple of 20% diflubenzuron suspension is 1504-1717 times(active ingredient: 116.5-133mg/Kg).When the dilution multiple of alpha thuringiensis bacterial suspensionbacteria suspension is 1000-1500 times,the effective pest attenuation rate up to more than 98%.更多还原