定边县玉米产业发展现状及对策分析

【作者】 赵磊；

【导师】 薛吉全；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 玉米集粮(食)、饲(料)、经(济)和蔬(果)作物为一体的多用途作物。玉米作为畜牧业发展支柱,旱地栽培的主栽作物,在我国粮食安全、饲料安全和食物安全发挥重要作用。定边县位于陕西省北部,地处黄土高原向内蒙古鄂尔多斯荒漠过渡地带。光照充足、热量丰富、土质疏松,有利于玉米栽培。玉米作为定边县第二大粮食作物,常年播种面积3.4万hm2上下,总产20万吨左右。从2008年以来,定边玉米生产经历三个阶段:高产潜力挖掘,标准化种植,以及目前开始的全程机械化生产。本文基于定边农业生态特点,分析了玉米种植现状和发展存在问题。玉米生产成本高、价格低影响了农民种植的积极性。种植技术粗放、施肥不合理、机械化程度低限制玉米生产水平提升。在农业供给侧结构性改革的大背景下,提出了定边玉米产业发展措施:一是重点发展优势产区,积极推进粮改饲,推广玉米与大豆轮作等耕作模式,优化玉米种植结构;二是建立利益联动合作机制,通过订单生产增强企业和农民之间的互惠互利,充分发挥玉米新型经营主体的作用;三是通过玉米加工增值,延长产业链;四是构建技术创新和科技推广体系,加强与高校、科研单位结合,加大实用技术示范应用,提高农户应用科学技术能力。论文通过2个案列分析证实,定边县玉米生产发展,离不开农业科技成果的推广应用,通过项目带动,技术支撑,物资配套等,使得定边成为我国玉米光热资源高值区和生产潜力最大区的典型样板,促进了榆林地区现代农业的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Corn food(food),feeding(material),the(economic)and height class)as one of the more than a month way for corn crop as livestock development pillar,dryland cultivation acreage crops.It plays an important role in China’s food security,feed safety and food security.Dingbian county is located in the north of shaanxi province,is located in the loess plateau to Inner Mongolia erdos desert area a sufficient sunlight,quantity of heat is rich,loose soil for corn cultivation,corn as the second largest food crops in the dingbian county,perennial planting area of 34000 square ha,total about 200000 t.Since 2008,there have been three stages in the production of dingbian corn production: the high yield potential excavation,the standardization of the species,and the fully mechanized production at present.Based on the characteristics of agricultural ecology,this paper analyzes the present situation and development of pressure rice.High production costs and low prices affect farmers’ enthusiasm for planting.the planting technique is extensive,the fertilizer is unreasonable,the mechanization level is low to limitthe increase of the level of maize production.In the backdrop of the structural reform of agricultural supply side,the sense of corn industry development measures are put forward: one is the key region development advantage,actively promote reforming the grain feeding,promote the cultivation patterns such as corn and soybeans,optimize the structure of corn;Establishes the benefit mechanism of cooperation,the second is through the order production to increase mutual reciprocity and mutual benefit between enterprises and farmers,give full play to the role of the maize new management master Hugh: by corn processing value-added,extend the industrial chain,the fourth is to build technical innovation,science and technology popularization system,strengthening with universities,scientific research units,increase the practical application of technical demonstration,the song farmers applied science and technology ability.Paper by 2 case column analysis confirmed that dingbian county corn raw hair hire,birds don’t open the generalization and application of agricultural scientific and technological achievements,through the old to drive,technical support,supporting materials,such as;the history of the history is a typical example of the area of high value area and the most productive potential of corn in our country.Promote the development of modern agriculture in the forest area.更多还原