【作者】 熊刚；

【导师】 孟海泉；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 世界史， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 环境问题是当今世界普遍关注的一个重要问题,农业土地资源的保护问题是其重要内容之一。农业土地资源保护,不仅关乎农业发展本身,而且牵涉到人们生活环境的方方面面。本文将农业史与环境史结合起来,研究1930年代到1990年代美国土地资源保护的政策及法律,考察其演进过程,揭示美国农业环境、生活环境的变迁与农业土地资源保护政策变动两者之间的关系,以期挖掘可资我国借鉴的经验教训。自建国之初到罗斯福新政时期,由于国土面积广褒、农业劳动力紧缺,美国农业实行自由放任、粗放经营的方式,政府和民众很长时期内没有形成土地资源保护的意识。直到20世纪初,美国国土已基本完成开发,尤其1930年代南部大平原爆发沙尘暴,美国政府才开始重视对于农业土地资源的保护。罗斯福新政开启了美国现代农业土地资源保护的时代,从罗斯福新政时期到1990年代,美国政府制定和实施了一系列现代农业土地资源保护的政策及法律。美国现代农业土地资源保护政策的演进,经历了三个时期。在罗斯福新政时期,鉴于南部大平原沙尘暴的教训,联邦政府改变了过去自由放任的土地政策,制定实施了一些农业土地资源保护的政策法令。罗斯福政府在美国历史上第一次把对土地资源的保护纳入到国家政策方针,为以后的土地资源保护政策打下了坚实的基础,但也带有某种应急性质。在战后的1950—1970年代,由于农业生产环境和人民生活环境的再度恶化,联邦政府改变了战前的“资源保护主义”理念,在新的“生态环保主义”理念的影响下,制定实施了一系列农业土地资源保护的政策法律,取得了一定的成效。在1980—1990年代,由于里根政府反对扩大政府权力,加之美国社会对政府环境管制产生不满而兴起了一股反环保思潮,美国的农业土地资源保护政策趋于保守。尽管如此,联邦政府还是制定了一些相关政策法律,基本延续了现代农业土地资源保护政策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental problem is one of the most important issues in the world,and the protection of agricultural land resources is one of the important contents.The protection of agricultural land resources is not only related to the development of agriculture itself,but also involves all aspects of people’s living environment.This paper will combine the agricultural history and environmental history studies from1930 s to 1990 s,the land resource protection policies and laws,the evolution process,reveal the relationship between the living environment of American agriculture,environmental change and agricultural land protection policy changes of the two,in order to excavate the lessons of our reference.Since the beginning of the founding of the Roosevelt period,the vast land area,agricultural labor shortage,the agricultural implement laissez-faire and extensive operating mode,without the formation of land resource protection consciousness of the government and the public for a long time.Until the early twentieth Century,the United States has basically completed the development of land,especially in the southern plains in 1930 s,the outbreak of dust storms,the U.S.government began to attach importance to the protection of agricultural land resources.Roosevelt opened the new deal to protect the American modern agricultural land resources era,from the Roosevelt period to 1990 s,the U.S.government formulated and implemented a series of policies to protect the land resources of modern agriculture and the law.The evolution of American modern agricultural land resource protection policy has gone through three periods.In Roosevelt’s New Deal period,in the light of the dust storm in the Great Plains of the south,the federal government changed the policy of laissez faire in the past,formulated and implemented some policies and regulations on the protection of agricultural land resources.The Roosevelt administration in the United States for the first time in the history of the protection of land resources into the national policy guidelines for the future land resources protection policy has laid a solid foundation,but also with some kind of emergency nature.In the 1950-1970 s,the environment of agricultural production and people’s living environment deteriorated again,the federal government changed the prewar "resource protectionism" concept,the influence of the new "ecological protection" concept,has formulated a series of policies and laws to protect agricultural land resources,and achieved certain results.In 1990 s 1980,the Reagan government to oppose the expansion of government power and the American Society of government environmental regulation produces dissatisfaction and started a trend of anti-environmental protection policy of agricultural land resources,to protect the American conservative.Nevertheless,the federal government has developed a number of relevant policies and laws,the basic continuation of modern agricultural land resources protection policy.更多还原