【作者】 王丽；

【导师】 许景伟； 李传荣；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 林业（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【副题名】以安丘市凌河镇为例

【摘要】 2013年,中央“一号文件”将美丽乡村作为重点工作进行了部署,明确提出“美丽乡村”的新奋斗方向,要求进一步加强乡村生态景观建设、环境保护和综合治理等工作。乡村森林景观建设作为乡村生态景观建设的主要内容,以乡村森林生态系统的建立推动美丽乡村的发展,被广泛地认为可以成功打造美丽乡村的一种重要内生力量,特别是在缩小城乡差距,促进传统乡村变革与发展等方面被寄予了更多的期冀,在美丽乡村实际建设中,科学地评价乡村森林景观质量、确定合理的乡村森林景观结构,保证其发挥最优的综合生态服务功能,是科学构建乡村森林景观的重要基础。本研究以安丘市凌河镇为研究区域,通过对其森林景观的组成特征,森林景观结构特征,森林景观文化特征,森林景观视觉特征分析,在此基础上,应用定性与定量分析相结合的方法,构建了乡村森林景观质量评价指标体系,并对凌河镇森林景观质量进行了综合评价,确定评价标准,针对评价结果提出了凌河镇美丽乡村森林景观质量提升的对策和建议,主要研究结果如下:(1)系统分析了凌河镇森林景观特征凌河镇森林景观具有多样性,植物具有丰富的种类,从森林景观的组成,森林景观结构特征,森林景观文化特征,森林景观视觉特征4个方面对凌河镇森林景观特征展开分析。从分析结果看,凌河镇森林景观类型,森林群落类型,森林植物物种多样性都较高,具有良好的生态环境;人文森林景观资源丰富,其森林景观色彩季相变化比较丰富;但森林景观结构存在一定的破碎度,植物群落结构不合理,植物群落层次韵律变化一般。(2)构建了凌河镇乡村森林景观质量评价指标体系采用德尔菲法和专家咨询法相结合,对指标进行筛选,整理和分析,构建了1个总目标,5个目标层,13个准则层,28个指标层的凌河镇乡村森林景观质量评价指标体系。(3)对凌河镇森林景观质量进行综合评价采用层次分析法确定凌河镇乡村森林景观指标的权重,用无量纲化方法和赋值法对数据进行了标准化处理,确定了评价标准,利用综合指数法得出凌河镇乡村森林景观质量的综合评价结果,确定评价等级。从评价结果来看,可初步得出如下结论:凌河镇乡村森林景观质量较好,已具备美丽乡村森林景观建设的雏形,就其5项目标层评分值来看,文化美78分、生态美76分、结构美74分、视觉美70分、质朴美66分,其质朴美、视觉美、结构美的评价得分相对较低,由此说明,凌河镇的乡村森林景观建设,在植物选择运用、植物群落结构配置、植物生长状况管理方面需要加强优化,森林景观空间格局、森林生态产业结构需要进一步的优化。(4)针对综合评价结果提出凌河镇美丽乡村森林景观质量提升建议与对策针对凌河镇乡村森林景观质量不足的方面,提出科学编制美丽乡村森林景观建设总体规划、加大乡村森林景观的管理和保护力度和大力发展多元化乡村森林旅游业方面的建议与对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Central Document No.1 issued in 2013,put the theme on "constructing beautiful countryside" and further strengthing it as a new development dierction.It has been a nationwide priority,together with further strengthening the rural ecological landscape construction,environmental protection and comprehensive management and so on.The rural forest landscape construction,as the main content of rural ecological landscape construction,promoted the development of beautiful countryside by the establishment of the rural forest ecosystems.It was widely regarded as an important endogenous force of creating beautiful countryside successfully,especially in narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas,promoting the transformation and development of traditional countryside,and so on.In the construction of beautiful countryside,it was an important foundation to scientifically evaluate the quality of the rural forest landscape,to determine the reasonable rural forest structure and ensure its optimal comprehensive ecological service function.This study took the Linghe town of Anqiu City as the research area.The evaluation index system of forest landscape quality in Linghe town was constructed by using the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis and the characteristics of the forest landscape composition,structure,culture and vision was also analyzed.And the author conducted a comprehensive evaluation index system of forest landscape quality in Linghe town with a determined evaluation standard.Linghe town forest landscape quality improvement measures and suggestions were proposed.The main research results are as follows:(1)The characteristics of Linghe town forest landscape were analyzed systematicallyThe composition of Linghe town forest landscape was diversified,and the plant species were pretty rich.The characteristics of Linghe town forest landscape were analyzed from four aspects: the composition,structure,cultural and the visual features.The results showed that the forest landscape types,forest community types and forest plant species’ diversity in Linghe town were high,and the ecological environment was pretty good.Humanities forest landscape were rich in resources,the forest landscape color seasonal changes were relatively rich,but there was a fragmentation of the fores tlandscape to some dgree,the plant community structure was unreasonable,and changes of plant community rhythm configuration was poor.(2)Establish the evaluation index system of forest landscape quality in Linghe townLinghe township evaluation index system of forest landscape quality were established with a total target,five target layer,thirteen criteria layer,twenty-eight indicators,by using the Delphi methods and Expert advice law.(3)The comprehensive evaluation of the forest landscape quality in Linghe town.The evaluation index weight of Linghe town rural forest landscape was determined by using the analytic hierarchy process.The data were standardized by using the dimensionless method and assignment method.Finally,the evaluation criteria was determined.The comprehensive index method was used to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of the quality of Linghe townforest landscape.From the evaluation results,the following conclusion could be drawn: the quality of Linghe town rural forest landscape was good,it already had a beautiful rural forest landscape construction prototype.The order of score of its five items from high to low was cultural beauty(78)>ecological beauty(76)>structure beauty(74)>visual beauty(70)>natural beauty(66),and the evaluation score of natural beauty,visual beauty,structural beauty were relatively lower.It was pointed out that the plant selection,plant community structure and plant growth status management should be optimized in the construction of Linghe town rural forest landscape.The forest landscape spatial pattern,forest ecological industry structure need to be further optimized.(4)Suggestions and countermeasures for improving the quality of Linghe town rural forest landscape based on comprehensive evaluation.Suggestions and countermeasures were put forward,based on the comprehensive evaluation results of Linghe town,including scientific planning of the construction of beautiful rural forest landscape,increasing the management and protection of rural forest landscape,and vigorously developing diversified rural forest tourism.更多还原