【作者】 周萍；

【导师】 张卫东；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 音乐是一种跨文化的、普遍的、无处不在的活动。人们会对音乐表现出不同的偏好,但对音乐偏好的心理结构和影响因素知之甚少。以往的音乐偏好研究大多在实验室条件下进行,但实验室情境难以诱发足够真实的音乐情绪体验。Pavelchak等人(Pavelchak,Antil,&Munch,1988)认为情境是情绪体验的一个组成部分,在实验室研究中得到的结果需要在外部环境中验证。因此我们有必要研究情境中的音乐偏好以及情境对音乐偏好的影响。从互动理论(interaction theories)角度看,音乐偏好能反映个体的人格特征。以往的研究证实了个体的人格特质与其长期的、稳定的音乐偏好之间存在着显著的相关性,但尚未明确人格特质与短暂的、依赖于当前情境的音乐偏好之间是否也存在类似的关系。本文基于中国文化背景和日常聆听音乐的生活情境,以及国内人群所接触的音乐类型和所具有的音乐情绪体验,探究情境与人格特质对短期音乐偏好的影响。研究1招募了 470名被试,采用中文简化版PAD情绪量表,给每位被试随机分配11种情境中的一种,让被试对该情境的愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度进行评分。结果表明各情境在愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度上的评分有显著差异,PAD情绪状态模型可以作为情境分类标准,并给情境归类。研究2根据192名被试在随机分配的情境下对音乐风格喜欢程度的评分,测量出音乐偏好,将评分进行探索性因子分析,构建了音乐偏好五维模型,五个因子分别是"治愈"、"唤醒"、"传统"、"忧伤"、"超然",五个因子代表音乐风格的五个维度。音乐风格包括具体的音乐类型(如流行乐、古典乐、爵士乐等)和音乐中所表达出来的情绪(如悲伤的、快乐的等)。研究3根据另一批192名被试在特定情境下的情绪属性评分和大五人格特质评分,考察情境与人格特质对短期音乐偏好影响作用,并检验人口统计学变量对情境与音乐偏好间关系的干扰作用。结果发现情境对音乐偏好有主导影响,大五人格特质与音乐偏好的相关性在具体情境下大部分都不显著,且人口统计学变量不具干扰效应。本研究得出以下结论:(1)PAD情绪状态模型可作为情境的分类标准;(2)构建了短期音乐偏好五维模型,五个维度分别是"治愈"、"唤醒"、"传统"、"忧伤"、"超然";(3)情境、人格特质与短期音乐偏好三者的关系为:情境对音乐偏好产生主导影响;以往研究所显示的大五人格特质与音乐偏好的显著相关性在具体情境中大部分都被减弱,其中只有宜人性和严谨性对短期音乐偏好的"传统"维度有影响。(4)性别、年龄、音乐专业知识对情境与音乐偏好的关系不具调节作用。年龄能影响"传统"维度上的短期音乐偏好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Music is a cross-cultural,universal and ubiquitous activity.Individuals show different tastes in music preferences,but know little about the mental structure and influencing factors of music preferences.The early studies on music preferences are mostly under laboratory conditions which cannot induce real enough emotional experience of listening music.Pavelchak et al(Pavelchak,Antil,&Munch,1988)suggest that the situation is a component of emotional experience,and the results from laboratory studies need to be validated from external environments.Therefore,it is necessary for us to study the situational music preferences and influences of situations on music preferences.From view of interaction theories,music preferences can reflect the personality characteristics of individuals.Previous studies have confirmed that there is a significant correlation between individual’s personality traits and long-term,stable music preferences.However,it is not confirmed if there exsits a similar correlation between individual’s personality traits and short-term music preferences depending on the situation.Based on the Chinese culture,the everyday life situations where we listen to music,the music genres that Chinese people are exposed to,and the experience of music emotions they have,we will eplore the re lationship between the situations,personality traits and short-term music preferences.In study 1,we recruited 470 subjects,each of whom was assigned one of the eleven situations.They rated the pleasure,arousal and dominance of the situation through the PAD emotion scales of Chinese simplified version.Results show that the pleasure,arousal,dominance scores are significantly different across the situations.So PAD emotional state model can be used as the classification standard of situations.In study 2,we measured the music preferences of 192 participants under the assigned situation.Then we use exploratory factor analysis to construct five-factor model of music preferences which contains ’cure’,’arousal’,’traditional’,’sad’ and’detached’ these five factors.In study 3,according to the scores of emotional attributes of the specific situations and big five personality traits rated by another 192 participants,we explored the relationship of the situations,personality traits and short-term music preferences,and examined the moderating affects of demographic variables and music professional knowledge.The results show that the situations has a dominant impact on music preferences.The correlation between the big five personality traits and short-term music prefernces are mostly not significant.There is no moderating affects of the demographic variables and music professional knowledge.In conclusion(1)PAD emotional State model can be the classification standard of situations;(2)A five-factor model of short-term music preferences was constructed,which contains ’cure’,’arousal’,’traditional’,’sad’ and ’detached’ these five factors.;(3)The relationship between situations,personality traits and short-term music preferences is that the situations do have influence on music preferences,and the significant correlations between personality traits and music preferences found in the previous researches are weaken in terms of specific situations.Only agreeableness and conscientiousness are positively related to the ’traditional’ dimension of music preferences.(4)Gender,age,and musical cannot moderate relationship between the situation and music preferences.Age can affect the ’traditional’ dimension.更多还原