【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 沈岚；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律史， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 唐代是我国封建社会法制发展最为完善的时期。高年给侍的养老思想到唐代正式形成一种完备的法律制度。本文通过对相关资料的搜集和整理,从总体上研究了唐代给侍法律制度的内容,并进一步分析了唐代给侍法律制度的影响和后期制度消亡的原因,以及对当下社会养老法律制度的启发。本文从给侍法律制度的主体,侍老的权利和侍丁的权义,给侍的程序和给侍的司法保障四个方面介绍给侍法律制度全貌。唐代给侍法律制度的主体,包括侍老和侍丁。由于社会阶层的复杂性,侍老和侍丁的身份也十分复杂。根据唐律对唐代社会等级的划分,侍老主要有官吏侍老、庶人侍老和贱民侍老三种身份。官吏侍老较庶人侍老和贱民侍老有更多的法律特权,其经济待遇与政治待遇更加优厚。根据侍丁与侍老之间的亲属关系,将侍丁划分为亲侍和外侍两种类型。其中亲侍分为具有亲属关系的侍丁和养子充侍两个部分来介绍。有亲属关系的侍丁包括与侍老具有直系血亲关系的亲属和期亲范围内的亲属。外侍的出现是唐代给侍法律制度发展到完备阶段的重要标志。给侍法律制度具有平等性和全面性。给侍法律制度的主要内容包括侍老的权利,侍丁的权利和侍丁的义务三个方面。侍老的权利有赋役俱免,板授颁赐,刑律减免等。唐代优老法令很多,官府对高年的礼遇都有一定的仪式。侍老属于高龄,许多优老法令对侍老均能适用。侍丁的权利有免役,优给孝假等。对其中表现十分出色的侍丁还享有选官的优待。国家鼓励并大力表彰具有孝义的侍丁,赐予财物和荣誉性奖励。侍丁的义务有衣食供奉,同居亲侍和顺养等。给侍的程序分为给侍的具体程序和选择侍丁的方法两个方面。给侍的具体程序包括团貌,请侍,里正上款和县司下符四个步骤。关于侍丁数量和选择侍丁的顺序都明确的法律规定。根据侍老的年龄来配给一定数量的侍丁。侍老的侍丁人选要先选取侍老的子孙。侍老没有成年子孙的,在侍老的近亲属当中选择合适的人员。给侍的司法保障分别为国法中的恶逆罪和不孝罪,家规入律的子孙违犯教令条款和存留养亲制度。三种法律保障制度较为全面的保证了侍老的物质生活和精神生活,其中存留养亲制度不仅保障侍老的法律权利,还保障具有犯罪者身份的侍丁享有基本的给侍权利。唐代给侍法律制度内容和实施效果的评价以及对当今社会的借鉴价值。唐代给侍法律制度是儒家敬老思想的体现,也表现了对家庭福利的积极法律干预。唐代给侍之法也存在一定的局限性。最后结合对当今社会养老现状的认识,尝试提出给侍法律制度对当今养老法律制度的借鉴之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tang Dynasty is an age with a quite complete legal system in Chinese feudal society.The idea of assigning young people to care for the elderly became a perfect legal system formally in Tang Dynasty.Through the analysis of related materials,this article from the overall study of the contents of the legal system of Ji-Shi in Tang Dynasty and further analysis of the positive impact of the legal system of Ji-Shi in Tang Dynasty and the reasons for the demise.This paper also analyzes the inspiration of the current social pension system.This article introduces the legal system from four aspects:the subjects of the legal system,the rights of Shi-Laos and the rights of Shi-Dings and the duties of Shi-Dings,the procedure of Ji-Shi and the judicial guarantee of Ji-Shi.The subjects of the law of Ji-Shi in Tang Dynasty to paternity,including Shi-Lao and Shi-Ding.Due to the complexity of the social class,the status of Shi-Lao and Shi-Ding is also very complex.According to division of the law in Tang Dynasty about the social class,Shi-Laos mainly included old officers,the old civilian and the old people of a lower social status than common people.The old officials have more legal privileges,included economic treatment and political treatment and so onAccording to the relative between Shi-Lao and Shi-Ding,Shi-Ding is divided into two types:a person who has a kinship relationship and a person who has no kinship.A person who has a kinship relationship included offspring and the adopted son.Offspring included lineal relative by blood and Qi-Qin,the relatives of very close relatives.The emergence of the unrelated service was an important symbol of the law of Ji-Shi in Tang Dynasty.The law of Ji-Shi in Tang Dynasty is equal and comprehensive.There are many laws in Tang Dynasty who favored the elderly.There is a certain ritual for the preferential treatment of the elderly.Shi-Laos were very old,and they can be applied the provisions of many preferential treatment for Shi-Laos.The main contents of the law of Ji-Shi in Tang Dynasty incloud three aspects:the rights of Shi-Laos,the rights of Shi-Dings,and the duties of Shi-Dings.The rights of Shi-Laos are tax-free,grant office,criminal law relief Shi-Dings have the rights to have immunization,gifted to the filial holidays.One of the outstanding Shi-Dings have the rights of priority in politics.The state encourages and commends Shi-Dings with filial piety,gived gifts and honorary rewards.The duties of Shi-Dings include supplied Shi-Laos with food and clothing,looked after Shi-Laos by living together and cared for Shi-Laos with smile.There are two aspects of the procedure of Ji-Shi:the specific procedures of Ji-Shi and the method of choosing services.The specific procedures of Ji-Shi such as Tuan-Mao,Qing-Shi,LiZhengShangKuan and XianSiXiaFu is inclouded.The law of Tang Dynasty explicitly stipulated the number of Shi-Dings and the selecting sequences of Shi-Dings.A certain nunmber of Shi-Dings are allocated according to the age of Shi-Laos.Shi-Laos choose their children as Shi-Dings firstly.And then they select the Shi-Dings among the nearest relatives of ShiLaos.The judicial guarantee to the Ji-Shi include the E-Ni crime and the unfilial crime in the national law,offspring violates family terms and the system of CunLiuYangQin.These systems guarantee the life of Shi-Laos.The system of CunLiuYangQin guarantees not only the legal rights of Shi-Laos,but also the basic rights of Shi-Dings who have the identity of the offender.The legal system of Ji-Shi in Tang Dynasty was the embodiment of Confucian thought of respecting the old,and It also demonstrates positive legal interference with family welfare.It also has some limitations.According to the situation of social providing old-age,the paper tries to offer good advices of provision for the aged in China.更多还原