【作者】 任群；

【导师】 倪万；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 新闻与传播（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【副题名】基于2016年以来的100条热点网络谣言的实证研究

【摘要】 谣言是最古老的传播媒介,随着新媒体时代的到来,信息的内容生产模式和传播模式发生巨变,传播速度增快,覆盖面积增大,网络空间更加自由开放,信源更加分散,人人都可以成为信息的源头,这都为网络谣言的滋生以及扩散传播提供了更为快速和便捷的技术条件。传播介质的变化以及社会、技术等多重因素的推动,使得谣言更为常态化,以微信、微博为代表的自媒体成为了网络谣言的集散地,谣言被人们通过转发的方式广泛传播,这些谣言利用网民泛滥的从善心理或是愤怒的情绪、求证意识缺乏的特征、网络关系多元交织而大肆扩散。伴随谣言而来的是极强的传染力和破坏力,对自媒体生态、社会舆论环境、社会主流价值观以及个人是非价值判断都造成巨大影响。因此,如何以最快速有效的方式去粉碎、消除谣言来带的负面影响成为了我们亟待解决的问题。2016年以来,微信成为网络谣言传播的最主要阵地,微信平台的辟谣机制逐渐成熟,如果说2015年是微信辟谣的探索阶段,那么2016年则是微信辟谣的成熟阶段。2016年成为了网络谣言的传播渠道、传播形态以及辟谣机制发生巨大转变的一个全新的节点,正因如此,本文以2016年以来的于多个平台交互传播的热点网络谣言作为实证研究的对象,从而探索全新阶段中网络谣言的传播规律,从传播环节入手,寻求更有效的、具有针对性的网络谣言应对策略。本文通过整合梳理国内外学者对谣言以及网络谣言的文献资料,讨论谣言和网络谣言的定义、分类、特征、传播模式、影响因素、应对策略等内容。并对谣言的概念作出界定:谣言是被广泛传播的却没有事实依据的公众感兴趣的问题或事物的阐释。同时对网络谣言的概念也作出界定:以网络作为传播介质的被广泛传播的却没有事实依据的公众感兴趣的事物或问题的阐释。本文构建了网络谣言的基本信息、传播情况和应对情况的三级指标体系,并对2016年以来的100条热门网络谣言进行实证研究,探究网络谣言的传播规律。首先对网络谣言的内容、处理结果和正负面高频词进行词频分析和语义分析;第二是对网络谣言的类型、首发渠道、涉及地区和讨论热度最高的地区进行描述性统计分析;第三是对网络谣言传播的各阶段、持续时长和影响力做均值比较;第四是通过方差分析、独立样本t检验、相关分析、卡方检验等对网络谣言的各项指标进行双变量分析,以此来检验前文中所做出的假设;最后进行具体的案例分析印证理论。通过实证研究,发现:网络谣言的类型与其持续时间、影响力指数有相关性;有没有传统媒体参与报道与网络谣言的影响力指数存在相关性;有无大v参与讨论与网络谣言的形成期、影响力指数有相关性;网络谣言有无微博话题与主要微信公众号阅读量有相关性,其微博话题阅读量与主要微信公众号阅读量成正相关;网络谣言的影响力指数大小受到是否有微博话题的影响,并且其微博话题阅读量和其影响力指数呈现出正相关的关系。本文还根据谣言的消解公式,从信息透明度、公众判断力、网络谣言发生和传播中的干预三个方面对网络谣言的应对策略提出自己的建议。国家相关部门应当及时解决公众关注的社会问题,提高社会满意度,并增强政府公信力,发挥传统媒体在辟谣中的优势作用,与新媒体共同应对谣言。同时提高公民的科学文化素养和媒介素养,还要保障公民的基本权力,增强公民理性沟通的能力。还要完善立法,制定具有针对性的法律法规;其次要善用舆论领袖引导和治理网络谣言。最后,应当大力发展应对谣言的科学技术,形成长期防范谣言、及时发现谣言、有效控制谣言传播的谣言治理体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rumors are the oldest media,with the arrival of the new media era,the production mode of the information content and mode of transmission changes,the faster spread velocity,the increasing area,more open cyberspace,more dispersed sources make everyone could be the source of information,which are for the breeding and dissemination of network rumors to provide a more convenient and fast technical conditions.The spread of media and social,technology and other factors to promote,making rumors more normal to WeChat,microblogging as the representative of the media from the network rumors of the distribution center,rumors are widely disseminated by people,these rumors make use of the net citizens’ flooding from good psychological,angry emotions,the lack of awareness,the diversified interlaced network relationship to spread insanely.Accompanied by the rumors is strong contagion and destructive power,the power has a huge impact on the media ecology,social public opinion environment,social mainstream values and individual value judgments.Therefore,how to eliminate the effect of smashing rumors effectively has become an urgent problem to be solved.Since 2016,WeChat has become the primary position of network rumors spreading.Rumors mechanism of WeChat platform gradually mature.If we regard 2015 as the exploring stage of WeChat rumors mechanism,then 2016 is the mature stage of WeChat.In 2016,it became a new node for the spread of rumors,spread form and rumor mechanism.Therefore,this article takes the hotspots of rumors since 2016 as the object of empirical research to explore the spread of rumors in the new stage.To start,to seek more effective,targeted network rumors coping strategies.Through the integration of the document literature of domestic and foreign scholars to rumors and network rumors,I discuss the definition,classification,characteristics,transmission patterns,influencing factors,coping strategies and so on of rumors and network rumors.And I give a definition of rumor:rumors are unfounded but widely disseminated by the public interested in things or issues of interpretation.At the same time,the concept of cyber rumor is defined:the interpretation of the things or problems of the public who are widely disseminated by the public by media without factual basis.I construct the three-level index system of the basic information,the dissemination situation and the coping situation of the network rumors.Then I do an empirical study of 100 popular network rumors since 2016 to explore the spread of rumors.First,I do the word frequency analysis and the semantic analysis of the contents,the results and the positive and negative high frequency words of network rumors.The second is to do the descriptive statistical analysis of the type,the first channel,the affected area and the most heat area of network rumors.The third is to do the mean comparison of the different stages of the spread,the last time and impact power of network rumors.The fourth is to do the bivariate nanlysis of all indexes of network rumors through the chi-square test,the independent-samples T test,the analysis of wariance and the correlation analysis in order to test the hypothesis that make.The final is to do the case analysis specifically to confirm the thecretical point of view.Through the empirical study,I found that the time of duration and the media impact index are related to the types of network rumors,the media impact index of network rumors is related to whether the traditional media report or not,the formative period and media impact index of network rumors are related to whether the opinion leaders take part in the discussions,the reading quantity of the main WeChat public account is related to whether there is any topic of microblogging of the network rumor,and there is positive correlation between the reading quantity of main WeChat public account and the reading quantity of the topic of microblogging.And the media impact index of network rumors is also related to the topic of microblogging,there is positive correlation between the media impact index and the reading quantity of the topic of microblogging.And I put forward my own recommendation for the response strategy from three aspects of information transparency,the public judgment,the intervention in the steps of generation and propagation of network rumors based on the resolution formula of rumors in the paper.The relevant departments of the state should promptly solve the social problems what public concern,improve social satisfaction,enhance the credibility of the government,make the traditional media play a regnant role in refuting slanders,and deal with rumors together with the new media.While improving the scientific and cultural literacy and media literacy of citizens.Not only protect the basic power of citizens,but also enhance the ability of citizens to communicate rationally.Then the government should improve the legislation,lay down the targeted laws and regulations,and make use of the opinion leaders to guide and control the network rumors.Finally,we should vigorously develop the science and technology to deal with rumors in order to build the rumor governance system of long-term prevention rumors,timely detection of rumors,effective control of rumors spreading.更多还原