【作者】 李珊珊；

【导师】 鲍永军；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国史， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 乾隆朝历时60年,举行殿试27科,录取文进士 5384人,是历代举行殿试次数与录取进士数最多的朝代。殿试形式为策问,内容丰富,紧密联系社会现实,包括治国方针、官风吏治、民生民风、漕运河工、儒学经术、士风士习、书籍修纂、边备军事等,尤其关注儒学、民生、风习等问题。既考核贡士经史学术水平以选拔人才,也有借此寻求社会治理良策的功能,具有经世致用、与时俱变、宣扬儒学等特征。殿试选拔人才的标准主要是学识水平,也涉及书法、皇帝意志等因素。考生对策展示才华,陈述治国理政方略,也存在程式化、阿谀奉承、驰骋空言等弊病。通过殿试选拔的进士,从政后多能为官清慎,办事勤勉,出现一批清官良吏、名儒学者,历科状元从政经历体现了这一特征。从乾隆朝殿试策问与考生对策,反映出这一时期国家最高等级考试与社会状况的互动,体现社会与国家治理的侧重点。在选拔人才的同时,也展示士子的社会责任感。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a dynasty of having the most numerous Palace Examination and enrollment,Qianlong Dynasty held Palace Examination 27 times and took civil Jinshi 5384 during its reign of 60 years.Rich in content and closely contacting with social reality,the examination included ruling policy,official behaviors,custom and livelihood of people,canal transportation with its’ official,Confucianism,scholars’ custom,compilation of books,border defense of military,and particularly focused on Confucianism,livelihoods and custom with the format of "Cewen".Its function were both assessing GongShi by the academic level of history and seeking good strategies for social governance.In addition,the examination had characteristics of lasting and practical,changing over time,and advocating Confucianism.The main standard of Palace Examination was knowledge level,involving handwriting,the will of emperor and other factors as well.Although the candidates presented their talents to the problem and stated strategy of governance,there were drawbacks such as stylization,flattery,indulging in empty talks and so on.Most of the Jinshi selected by final imperial examination could be incorruptible and prudent when they became a government official,which reflected by the political experience of the firsts of each examination,with a group of clean government and Confucian scholar emerged.Embodying the focus of society and governance,"Cewen" and candidates’countermeasures of Qianlong Dynasty reflected the interaction between the highest grade examination and social situation in a period.In a word,it selected qualified personnel and demonstrated scholars’ social responsibility at same time.更多还原