【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 常明昌；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 银耳是著名的药用兼食用真菌。近年来,金针菇、杏鲍菇等的工厂化技术已相当成熟,而银耳仍使用的是传统栽培方式,因此探索适合工厂化栽培银耳的方法具有非常重要的意义。本试验筛选出最适宜在工厂化生长的银耳菌种,并对原种制备技术,栽培培养基和生产工艺的进行试验。为工厂化栽培银耳提供理论依据。试验结果如下：1.通过对六种银耳菌株生育特性和子实体形态特性进行试验,筛选出最适宜工厂化栽培银耳的品种为Tr21。2.通过对原种培养料配方优化,银耳菌种与香灰菌配比优化以及银耳菌种不同菌龄对生产的影响的研究。筛选出银耳原种培养基的最优配方为：棉籽壳75%,麸皮20%,石膏2%,蔗糖3%。培养基装瓶时分两层,瓶内底部2/3培养基用蔗糖水拌匀,含水量达65%,其余培养基用清水拌匀,含水量为60%；银耳香灰菌的最佳比例为1：2；栽培种的最佳菌龄为6 d。3.通过对工厂化生产用培养基配方的单因素试验和正交试验分析得出,工厂化生产银耳最好选用棉籽壳为主料,麸皮为辅料,料液的最佳比例为1：1.3。4.通过对银耳工厂化生产工艺进行试验筛选出,工厂化栽培银耳的最优培养基配方为：棉籽壳80%,麸皮18%,磷肥1%,石膏1%,料液比为1：1.3。最佳栽培条件为：装料量650 g,温度24℃,空气相对湿度85%,pH在6.5-7.0,出菇管理中最好接种后10天揭胶布,采用空气加湿器雾化保湿。5.采用工厂化栽培方式,银耳工厂化生产周期为35 d,比季节性栽培缩短5d时间,袋均产量达500 g,比常规栽培技术提高了33.3%。突破了传统的依靠自然条件一年一茬,旺时扎堆.淡时没有的落后生产模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tremella fuciformis was a well-known medicinal and edible fungi.The technology of cultivating Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus eryngii in a factory farm has already been quite mature in recent years. Tremella fuciformis was still using the traditional cultivation mode, so to explore the method of cultivating Tremella fuciformis in a factory farm has very important practical significance. In this experiment, choose the most suitable spawn for factory cultivating, optimization on the preparation technology of original spawn, cultivating medium and production technology. The result provided theoretical basis for factory cultivation. The results were as follows:1. Through the experiment of the growth characteristics and fruit body morphology characteristic in the six spawns, we find the most suitable spawn for factory cultivatiing:Tr 21.2. Through the optimization on substrates formula, the ratio of Tremella fuciformis spawn and xianghui spawn,the influence of different age on the production. The results shown that the best substrates formula was cottonseed hull 75%. bran 20%, gypsum powder 2%, phosphate 3%. Medium is bottled at two levels, mixed two-thirds of medium at the bottom of the bottle with sugar water,keeping the water content 65%, mixed the rest of the culture medium with water,,keeping the water content 60%; The best ratio of Tremella fuciformis spawn and xianghui spawn was 1:2; The best age for Tremella fuciformis production was six days.3. Through the single factors and orthogonal test of culture medium formula. The results shown that the best main material was cottonseed hull,the best accessories was bran,the best nutrient solution was 1: 1.3.4. The results shown that the best medium formula, Cottonseed hull 80%, Bran 18%, Gypsum powder 1%, Phosphate 1%, Liquid ratio 1:1.3. The best cultivating conditions:cultivating material content 650g,temperature 24℃, air relative humidity 85%,pH 6.5-7.0. The best time for lifting the rubberized fabric a corner was on the tenth day after inoculation, the best way to keep humidity was using the spray humidifier.5. Using factory cultivation, the growth cycle was only 35 d, Shortening 5 d than the traditional seasonal cultivation. The yield improved 33.3%,,break through the traditional way of relying on natural conditions.更多还原