【作者】 王燕；

【导师】 李吉跃；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 风景园林学， 2016， 硕士

【副题名】以惠州、梅州为例

【摘要】 随着社会经济快速发展和人民生活品质的提高,人们对生活环境的美化、绿化和生态化需求越来越高,生态景观林带即为这种潮流下的产物,它以改善生态环境和美化自然景观为主要目的,是城市重要的生态屏障和景观资源。树种选择和配置模式是营建生态景观林带的关键,同一区域由于植物组合方式的不同所产生的效果也不同。为了对今后广东省生态景观林带建设在树种选择、配置模式等方面提供科学的理论依据和技术支撑,本研究于2015年4月、7月、10月在惠州惠阳区及梅州梅县区进行生态景观林带调查,选取的10个林带为调查对象,分别对其季度观赏性、生态效应和层次性内容进行调查,同时拍摄收集10个林带不同季度的现状图,并依据立地条件及配置模式进行效果图模拟;另外,对林带内21个树种的生长指标、形态指标和树木抗性进行调查研究,根据调查结果运用层次分析法(AHP)和美景度评价法(SBE)对生态景观林带进行树种选择和林带综合评价,主要结果如下:(1)4月份到10月份的树高平均增长0.83 m~1.2 m,胸径增长1.92 cm~2.12 cm;鸡冠刺桐、红花羊蹄甲、美丽异木棉、大叶紫薇、黄槐、海南蒲桃、枫香和夹竹桃的叶片滞尘能力较强,平均都在1.4 mg·cm-2~2.5 mg·cm-2之间,能够有效净化大气粉尘污染;勒杜鹃、山杜英、黄花风铃木、黄槐、凤凰木、鸡冠刺桐、深山含笑、红花羊蹄甲叶片硫含量为2110 mg·kg-1~3855 mg·kg-1,对SO2污染吸收能力较强;大叶紫薇、夹竹桃、鸡冠刺桐、美丽异木棉、黄槐、藜蒴和樱花这7个树种对重金属污染的吸附能力较佳,例如大叶紫薇叶片中Zn平均含量为59.26 mg·kg-1,Cu平均含量为11.71mg·kg-1,分别是海南蒲桃的26倍和7倍。(2)对21个树种建立树种选择层次分析模型,权重系数排名前6位的分别是红花羊蹄甲(0.0739)、鸡冠刺桐(0.0735)、枫香(0.0692)、藜蒴(0.0656)和山杜英(0.0585)。惠州市惠阳区内的19个树种中,红花羊蹄甲、枫香、藜蒴、山杜英、樱花、美丽异木棉、勒杜鹃,其权重值均在0.05以上,排名最末位的格木,权重系数仅有0.027。梅州市梅县区的6个树种中,排名前两位的红花羊蹄甲和鸡冠刺桐权重系数均在0.07以上,其次是权重系数相当的山杜英(0.0585)和美丽异木棉(0.0559)。(3)对10个林带建立综合评价模型,最终林带权重系数由大到小排序为:M2>H4>H1>M4>H2>H3>M3>H5>M1>H6。根据不同地区的林带进行划分排名,惠州市惠阳区内的6个林带中,林带H4、H1和H2综合评价结果排位前3,其权重系数分别为0.1235、0.1227和0.1174,而林带H5和H6的排名最末,权重值相对较低,仅为0.079和0.0441。梅州市梅县区的4个林带中,林带M2和M4的综合指标评价较好,权重系数分别为0.1314和0.1226,而林带M3、M4的权重系数均低于0.1。(4)通过对10个林带进行SBE评价,现状图SBE值排名由大到小依次为M2>M4>H2>H3>M3>H4>H5>H1>M1>H6,效果图SBE值排名为M4>H2>H3>H1>H4>M2>M3>M1>H6>H5。对两次排名对比可知,虽然两者排序并未完全重合,但某些林带的名次较为接近,如林带M4、H2和H3两次排名均位居前四,林带M1、H6和H5均在倒数四名内,说明利用软件模拟制作生态景观林带效果图,一定程度上预测其建成后初步效果,为生态景观林带建设提供直观选择,有利于节省成本、提高效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of people’s life quality, Wit increasing requirement of beautiful virescence and ecological environment, eco-landscape forest belt is the product of this trend, which is mainly aimed at improving the ecological environment and beautifying the natural landscape, more over, which is also an important ecological barrier of the urban and landscape resources. Species selection and configuration mode are the key to the construction of eco-landscape forest belt, the same area can be different vision because of the different plant combination. In order to provide scientific theoretical basis and the chnical support for tree species selection and configuration mode in ecological landscape forest construction in Guangdong province in the future. This study was conducted in April, July, October 2015 in Huiyang district and Mei country area, in which ecological landscape forest belt were selected for investigation, taking 10 forest belts as investigation object, respectively, seasonal ornamental, ecological effect and hierarchical content were investigated, at the same time, filming and collecting the map of 10 different forest belt in different season, and further simulating effect diagram according to the site conditions and configuration mode;.In addition, growth index, shape index resistance were investigated in 21 species in the forest, According to the results of the survey, using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy analysis hierarchy process(AHP) and beauty view estimation method(SBE) to make the comprehensive assessmente of cological landscape forest tree species and forest belt, The main results are as follows:(1) April to October the average growth of tree height was 0.83 m-1.2 m, diameter at breast height increased 1.92 cm-2.12 cm. The leaves of strong ability of dust catching observed in Erythrina crista-galli, Bauhinia blakeana, Chorisia speciose, Lagetstroemia speciose, Cassia surattensis, Syzygium cumini, Liquidambar formosana and Nerium indicum has blade ability, an average of between 1.4 mg·cm-2-2.5 mg·cm-2, can effectively purify air dust pollution. The sulfur content of leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Tabebuia chrysantha, Cassia surattensis, Delonix regia, Erythrina crista-galli, Michelia maudiae and Bauhinia blakeana, average 2110 mg·kg-1~3855 mg·kg-1, these species have higher ability to absorb SO2 pollution. Lagetstroemia speciose, Nerium indicum, Erythrina crista-galli, Chorisia speciose, Cassia surattensis, Castanopsis fissa and Cerasus serrulata, these seven species had stronger ability of heavy metal pollution adsorption, for example, Lagetstroemia speciose leaves, the average Zn content of 59.26 mg·kg-1, Cu, average content of 11.71 mg·kg-1, respectively, 26 and 7 times than Syzygium cumini.(2) Using the establishment of 21 species Species to establish AHP model, the weighting factor of the top six were Bauhinia blakeana(0.0739), Erythrina crista-galli(0.0735), Liquidambar formosana(0.0692), Castanopsis fissa(0.0656), Elaeocarpus sylvestris(0.0585). The weighting factor of Bauhinia blakeana, Liquidambar formosana, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Cerasus serrulata, Chorisia speciose and Bougainvillea spectabilis were above 0.05 in 19 species in Huiyang district of Huizhou city, Simultaneously, Erythrophleum fordii’s weighting factor was the smallest, 0.027 only. Six species in Meixian District of Meizhou City, the top two species were Bauhinia blakeana and Erythrina crista-galli, their weighting factor were all above 0.07. Followed by the weighting factor corresponding to Elaeocarpus sylvestris(0.0585) and Chorisia speciose(0.0559).(3) Using 10 forest belt to establish comprehensive evaluation model, the final forest weighting coefficients in descending order: M2>H4>H1>M4>H2>H3>M3>H5>M1>H6. Rank forest belt in different regions according to comprehensive evaluation, six forest belt in Huiyang district, H4, H1 and H2 ranked the first 3, its weight coefficients were 0.1235, 0.1227 and 0.1174, forest H5 and H6 ranked the last, the weight is relatively low, only 0.079 and 0.0441, Four forest in Meixian District of Meizhou City, M2 and M4 with better comprehensive evaluation index, the weight coefficients were 0.1314 and 0.1226, while the M3 and M4 weighting coefficient were less than 0.1.(4) By using SBE to evaluate 10 forest belt, the descending order of status map SBE value was: M2>M4>H2>H3>M3>H4>H5>H1>M1>H6, the order of SBE value was M4>H2>H3>H1>H4>M2>M3>M1>H6>H5. Twice ranking comparison found that although both sort not completely coincide, some forest ranking closer, for example: M4, H2 and H3 rankings were among the top four, while M1, H6 and H5 are ranked between countdown four, which indicated the utilization of software to simulate forest belt landscape renderings, and further to predict the initial effect after its completion to a certain extent, to provide intuitive options for forest ecological landscape construction, which will be advantageous to save costs and improve efficiency.更多还原