【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 来华；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 化学工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 超浸润界面材料因其独特的润湿性能及广泛的应用背景成为近年来的一个研究热点。相比于对传统的气相介质中具有超疏水/超亲水特征材料的研究,有关复杂环境如油相中固水界面润湿性的研究还极其少见,尤其是对具有油下超亲水性能材料的研究还鲜有报道。开展相关研究不但能够制备出具有新功能的浸润性材料,还有望在一些实际应用如油水分离等方面有所应用。因此,本论文中,我们提出了具有油下超亲水材料的制备,表面浸润性调控及其在油水分离中的应用研究,具体内容有如下几点:我们以泡沫铜为基底,将其在含有NaOH和(NH4)2S2O8的溶液中浸泡以制备Cu(OH)2纳米线结构。接触角测试表明,浸泡后,泡沫铜材料由原来的油下疏水性转变为油下超亲水性。研究表明,Cu(OH)2纳米线表面丰富的羟基基团有效增强了材料表面的亲水性能,同时在纳米结构的放大效应作用下,浸泡后的泡沫铜材料显示出油下超亲水特性。此外,基于材料独特的油下超亲水性能,我们还利用其实现了对油中水的吸附分离。对油水分离材料来说,在实际应用中的污染问题一直是一个难以解决的难点。在这里,我们制备出了具有油下超亲水特征的泡沫铜材料。当材料表面被油污染后,通过简单的水冲洗过程,材料表面即可恢复到原始状态,展现了优异的抗污染功能。研究发现,材料优异的抗污染性能主要来源于其表面油下超亲水性能。此外,基于材料独特的抗污染性能,我们还利用其开展了油水分离研究,并且提出了新的快速简便的分离方式。目前超疏水/超亲水可逆转换表面的研究都是在空气环境中,如何在油相中实现类似的智能转换仍是一个研究难点。因此,在这里,我们首先在硅基底上制备纳米线结构,再运用层层沉积的方法,在硅纳米线基底上组装PDDA和PSS分子,制备出了能够在油相中介于超疏水与超亲水间可逆转变的表面。研究结果表明,PDDA和PSS不同的分子构型与表面纳米结构的共同作用赋予了表面独特的智能特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Superwetting materials become a research focus due to their special wetting performances and wide applications. Compared with the traditional research about superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces in air, research about wetting performance in complex environment, such as in oil, is still limited, especially those about underoil superhydrophilic materials is extremely rare. In fact, such research is very important because it can not only provide some new superwetting materials with novel functions, but also can be used in many practical applications, for example, oil/water separation. Herein, we advanced research about underoil superhydrophilic materials, surface wetting control, and application in oil/water separation.The foamy copper was used as the substrate, it is found that after immersion into the solution containing NaOH and(NH4)2S2O8, the surface of foamy copper would be covered by lots of Cu(OH)2 nanowires. The wettability of the foamy copper is changed from the original underoil hydrophobicity to the underoil superhydrophilicity. After growth of Cu(OH)2 nanowires, a lot of hydroxyl groups would be introduced onto the surface, which can enhance the surface hydrophilicity, together with the amplified effect of the nanostructures, the material would show the underoil superhydrophilicity. Furthermore, based on the special underoil superhydrophilicity, the material was applied successfully in the capture of water in oil.As to the oil/water separating materials, fouling problem is difficult to be avoided. In this work, nanostructured foamy copper with underoil superhydrophilicity was prepared, and special antifouling ability can be observed on the material. When the material is fouled with oil, after a simple wash process by water, it can return to the original clean state, demonstrating a good antifouling property. The special antifouling ability can be ascribed to the underoil superhydrophilicity of the material. Due to the special antifouling ability, we advanced a novel in-situ separation method for oil/water mixture.Until now, smart surfaces that can transit between the superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity can only be realized in air, in other environment, for example, in oil, it is still a challenge. Herein, nanowires were firstly produced on the silicon substrate, by using a simple layer-by-layer technique, PDDA and PSS molecules were assembled onto the nanostructured surface alternately. It is found that the underoil superhydrophobicity and underoil superhydrohilicity can be achieved, respectively when the PSS and PDDA is exposed to water, respectively. The smart ability of the surface is ascribed to different molecular configurations of PDDA and PSS and the enhanced effect of nanostructures.更多还原