【作者】 李健；

【导师】 靖洪文；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 岩土工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国家“一带一路”战略的逐步实施,开辟跨境多式联运的交通工程陆续提上建设议程,这使得隧道的建设规模在不断扩大,隧址区的地质条件也日趋复杂,由充填型断层导致的深埋隧道突水灾害屡有发生。因此,研究不同类型断层构造的突水灾变演化特征,包括不同断层宽度、不同断层厚度、不同断层交错角度及不同断层交错距离,对揭示地下工程突水机理及防治具有十分重要的意义。以含充填型断层的深埋隧道为研究对象,采用物理模拟试验和数值模拟试验相结合的方法,重点针对高地应力、高水压环境下的隧道工程,开展多参量响应的试验研究,分析断层致灾构造的位置、规模等因素对隧道突水演化特征的影响,取得了一定的研究成果。(1)基于相似模型试验方法,研制了充填型断层深埋隧道突水二维可视化试验系统(内部尺寸为0.3m×1.0m×1.0m),包括完备的加载系统、精确的数据采集系统,以及配套的辅助装置,并配制了可以满足试验要求的流固耦合相似材料,为揭示含充填型断层深埋隧道突水演化特征提供了新的试验设备、试验材料及试验方法。(2)对不同断层工况下的模型进行了物理模拟试验和数值模拟试验,获得了各模型的孔隙水压力、水力梯度、最远扩散距离及最小防突安全厚度随加载水压力的变化特征。不同加载水压力下模型岩体内的孔隙水压力随距断层构造距离的增大而呈逐渐减小的趋势,且均服从对数函数的衰减规律,并由此推导了渗流最远扩散距离和最小防突安全厚度的理论公式,随加载水压力的增大,渗流最远扩散距离和最小防突安全厚度均呈逐渐增大的发展趋势。(3)对物理试验结果进行对比分析发现,与隧洞相对位置相同的测点,当加载水压力增加范围相同时,孔隙水压力和最远扩散距离的增长幅度与断层宽度、交错距离、交错角度均呈正相关关系。当加载水压力及临空面允许孔隙水压力大小均相同时,最小防突安全厚度与断层宽度和断层交错距离呈正相关关系,而与断层交错角度呈负相关关系。(4)在物理试验的基础上,采用数值模拟软件,扩展研究了断层厚度对深埋隧道防突岩体突水演化特征的影响。通过对比分析发现,与隧洞相对位置相同测点,当加载水压力在相同范围内增加时,孔隙水压力和最远扩散距离的增长幅度随断层厚度的增加而减小;当加载水压力及临空面允许孔隙水压力的大小均相同时,最小防突安全厚度随断层厚度的增加而增大。(5)在总结物理和数值模拟试验结果的基础上,系统分析了断层工况对防突岩体孔隙水压力、渗流规律、最远扩散距离及最小防突安全厚度的影响,从而揭示了不同断层宽度、不同断层交错距离、不同断层交错角度及不同断层厚度下深埋隧道的突水灾变演化机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with country strategy of the Belt and Road progressively puts into effect,opening up the construction of the cross-border and multi-modal transportationtraffic engineering is successively brought into schedule,making the scale of tunnelconstruction is increasingly extending, the geological conditionsin tunnel zone has also became more complicated,deep buried tunnel water inrushing disasters caused by filling type fault occur frequently. Therefore, researching different types offault structureleading to water inrushing disaster evolution characteristics, including different width of fault, different thicknesses of fault,different staggeredangles of fault,different staggered distances of fault,revealing water-inrush mechanism of underground construction and preventionhas very important meaning.The article takes deep buried tunnel containing filling fault as research objects,basing on the combining method of physical simulation and numerical simulation,carry out multiresponse parameter estimation of experimental researches on tunneling under high geostresses and high water pressure environment,analysis of the location,the scale,and the other factors of fault disastrous structures to the evolution of water inrushing of tunnel and providing certain reference for the related tunnel engineering construction.(1)A two-dimensional model test system for water inrush in deep buried tunnel containing filling fault was developed basing on the method similarity model test,its internal dimension size is 0.3m × 1.0m × 1.0m. Experimental system includes complete loading system, accurate data acquisition system and supporting auxiliary device. Fluid-solid coupling similar material is made up which is meeting the test requirements. To revealingcatastrophe evolution properties of water inrush in deep buried tunnel containing filling fault provide a new test equipment,test materials and test methods.(2)Relationship of pore water pressure,hydraulic gradient,the furthest dispersal distance and smallest safe thicknessof each model along with loading water pressure is obtained by different fault conditions of water bursting model simulations.Along with the increase of distance from the fault structure,the pore water pressure within model rock mass under different loading water pressure decreases gradually, and which conforms to the logarithmic function.Deducing the laws of the furthest dispersal distance and the minimum safe thickness by this,and the furthest dispersal distance and the minimum safe thickness increase gradually along with the increase of loading water pressure.(3)Physical test results were analyzed which found that the relative position of the same tunnel measuring point and the loading water pressure increases at the same range,the pore water pressure and the furthest dispersal distance were in positive correlation with width of fault,staggered angles of fault,staggered distances of fault.When the loading water pressure and the pore water pressures allowed by free surface at the same value, the minimum safe thickness was in positive correlation with width of fault and staggered distances of fault,and was in negative correlation with staggered angles of fault.(4)Numeral simulation software was used to extend the study onwhich the thickness of faultwas the impact on catastrophe evolution properties of water inrush in deep buried tunnel.When the loading water pressure increases within the same range and the measuring point at the same relative position,the growth amount of the pore water pressure increases along with the thickness of the fault decreases,the growth amount of the furthest dispersal distance increases along with the thickness of the fault decreases.When the loading water pressure and the pore water pressures allowed by free surface at the same value, the minimum safe thickness increases along with the thickness of the fault increases.(5)Making a systematic analysis on which the different conditions of fault is the effecton variation features of pore water pressure within prevention outburst rock mass,seepage laws of void water,the furthest dispersal distance and the minimum safe thickness basing on the summarizing and analyzing the test results, thus revealing catastrophe evolution mechanism of water inrush in deep buried tunnel under different width of fault,different thicknesses of fault, different staggered angles of fault, different staggered distances of fault.更多还原