【作者】 王凯；

【导师】 章晓懿；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 公共管理（MPA）（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【副题名】以嘉兴市秀洲区为例

【摘要】 嘉兴市秀洲区作为东部沿海地区,自古以来就是富庶之地、鱼米之乡,尤其是改革开放以后,工业经济和服务业经济的增速在同类地区靠前。随着工业化和城市化的快速推进,吸引了大量从中西部农村地区流动出来的外来务工人员,这些人员基本都是脱离了农业,携家带口来到秀洲区,有的甚至十年以上,这些外来人口从农民身份转为城市中的打工仔、打工妹后,从工作性质、生活性质、思想观念等已多多少少被城市所同化。到了城市后,一方面给当地经济发展作出了积极贡献,从白领阶层到蓝领,甚至到工地工人、环卫工人,干的活最苦、最累,贡献了聪明才智,弥补了当地用工的短缺,另一方面这些外来人员社会保障不足,虽然想留在这座城市,可现实的无奈——没有住房、没有养老医疗保障、没有社会福利,城市中社会保障的缺失注定他们迟早有一天要回到原籍,所以在他们心中,嘉兴市秀洲区只是生命中一座过客城市,对城市没有认同感、对周遭的群体冷漠感、对老家的思乡感,种种纠结与当前体制下的缺失——城市化中外来农村人口的社会保障缺失有关。新中国成立以来,在中国计划经济体制下,逐步形成城市与农村的二元经济结构,这种体制下的中国的社会保障制度也是二元的。改革开放后,国家人口迁移政策逐步调整,出现农村富余劳动力的“溢出效应”,涌入城镇整个数量庞大,有的是“离土不离乡”,有的“离土又离乡”,因各种不确定因素的存在,会存在工作难找、安身无立足之地,面临着生活风险和工作风险,确保人的生存和发展的社会保障难以实现,如果遇到失业、生病或出现工伤,有的支付不起高昂的医药费,甚至连最基本的生活也都难以维持。跟城市居民相比,虽然近年来在社会保障方面国家陆续出台政策,但各地政策的“隐形门”、“玻璃门”障碍将有些政策阻挡在外来人口享受同等待遇的门外。本文在前人研究分析的基础上,通过对两次人口普查和城乡一体化住户调查等统计监测数据分析,借助秀洲区城乡一体化住户调查网络及规模以上企业统计员队伍,通过发放调查问卷的方式,并与劳动、社保、新居民等部门开展走访了解,比较深入了解秀洲区外来农村人口的现状、存在问题,指出社会保障问题是影响外来农村人口城市化的关键因素。笔者结合社会保障及公平正义等相关理论的探讨,提出城市化视角下秀洲区完善外来农村人口社会保障工作的几点思考:一是厘清个人政府企业责任,解决转化成本高问题;二是健全收支平衡机制,解决资金来源匮乏问题;三是加大体制机制改革力度,解决社保参与率低问题;四是加强立法与创新工作,解决意识淡薄与改革风险问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xiuzhou District located in the eastern coastal area, which was a rich land of fish and rice since ancient times. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization after reforming and opening up, Xiuzhou District attracted a large number of migrant workers from central and western regions, who came basically from rural areas. Some of them even brought families to Xiuzhou District for more than 10 years. These rural migrants’ life and ideas were more or less assimilated by local citizens, and had no obstacles in working,doing business and living. These rural migrants made positive contributions to the local economic development, from the white-collar to blue-collar, even the construction site workers, sanitation workers. They all contributed their ability and cleverness to make up the shortage of local employment. They wished to beleft in the city, while the reality was so helpless--no housing, no pension medical security and no social welfare, they would return to their places of origin a day sooner or later. So Xiuzhou District was just a city passing away in their mind,with no sense of identity to the city, indifference to the surrounding people and community and homesick to the hometown. All these attributed to the current system--the lack of rural migrants without social security "effective supply". Therefore, how to change these migrant rural migrants’ identities into the real local city residents had become the urgent problem to solve for the government officials.Since the new China was established, under China’s planned-economy system, the city and countryside which was called dual economic structure was gradually formed. All the implementation and design of policy aimed to safeguard the city residents’ rights and tied farmers to land closely. Because of the adjustment of national population migration, the surplus rural labor force‘spillover effect’ was formed since the reform and open policy. Some of them are not left behind and others were leaving hometown for a living into the cities.Due to the existence of various uncertain factors, there would be hard to find a place to live and work. Once they encountered injury, medical treatment or unemployed, their basic life were difficult to maintain. Compared with the citizens, these rural migrants were weak because of lack of employment and wages. While in the social security system, although policies in different aspects were carried out in recent years, ‘invisible door’, ‘glass door’ of thelocal policy would also stop the rural migrants from enjoying the equal treatment.The text is getting an in-depth understanding of rural migrants’ status quo and the existing problems by statistical analysis of monitoring data of the two population census and the integration of urban and rural household survey,by means of doing network survey about the integration of urban and rural household. The paper pointed out that social security was a key factor influencing rural migrants’ urbanization. Studying on the theories of social security and justice, the author found the reasonable research perspective and research methods about the settlement of promoting the rural migrants’ urbanization in Xiuzhou District. Above all, the government should clarify personal responsibility to solve the problem of high conversion cost. Secondly,to regular the balance of payments mechanism to solve the problems of the funds source shortage. Furthermore, adhere to the innovation of system and mechanism, to solve the big problem of personnel mobility. Last but not least, to step up efforts to publicity to solve the problem of rights consciousness and reform risk.更多还原