【作者】 张艳；

【导师】 吴晓蓉；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 比较教育学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 高等职业教育作为高素质技能型人才培养的摇篮,在国家现代工业化的推进和协调区域发展的过程中有着举足轻重的作用。尤其对于相对落后的民族地区而言,开展高等职业教育对其社会经济发展有着更为重要的意义。随着知识经济时代的到来,特别是“创新驱动”发展战略的提出,社会对高等职业教育提出了更高的要求。一方面,高职院校要重视对适应市场需要的专业技术人才的培养,另一方面还得重视人才创新创业能力的培养。双重压力促使实现创业教育与专业教育融合势在必行。当前,在民族地区已有相关的实践,但鲜有系统研究。希望本研究的成果能为民族地区高职教育发展及其创业教育的开展提供可借鉴的经验。文章基于丰富的文献资料,在综合分析民族地区特殊环境的基础上,运用问卷调查、深度访谈和参与式观察对G省T市X职业学院进行了个案研究。研究发现,X职业技术学院创业教育与专业教育融合已取得一定进展,但依然存在问题,如当前融合模式单一,致使接收创业教育的群体局限;创业教育与专业教育课程整合度低,二者缺乏有效衔接;师资整合不足,创业教育素质有待提高;融合过程中忽视民族地区特色,区域服务功能欠缺;针对创业教育的评价体系缺位,削弱了融合积极性。笔者依据三螺旋理论,分别从政府、高校与企业三个角度分析了问题成因:学校层面主要包括体制机制不完善;高职院校管理者的认知偏差;校园创业文化氛围缺失;师资平台建设跟不上需求。政府层面主要包括扶持政策不够系统、完善;创业政策宣传和落实力度不够。企业层面主要包括:缺乏企业的环境支持;缺乏企业的人力支持。研究认为,民族地区高职创业教育与专业教育的融合无论是对职业教育自身的变革,还是对地区的发展都有重大意义。政府、学校、企业必须予以充分的关注与重视;明确创业教育培养目标,为教学活动的开展与评价提供依据;完善体制机制,为创业教育与专业教育融合提供管理团队支持;促进课程整合,构建创业教育与专业教育融合的课程体系;加大教师培养力度,充分利用社会资源,建设优质的师资队伍;加大经费投入与政策支持,打造专业与创业融合实践平台;重视民族文化,促进特色文化专业的产业化,培育本土企业,进而促进民族地区的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Higher vocational education, as the cradle of high-quality skills talents, plays an important role in the process of national modern industrialization and regional coordinated development. In particular, the development of higher vocational education has a more important significance to the social and economic development in the relatively backward minority areas. With the advent of the era of knowledge-based economy, especially after the development strategy of "innovation-driven" proposed, the society makes higher demands of higher vocational education. On the one hand, higher vocational colleges should pay attention to the training of professional to meet the needs of the market, on the other hand, it also has to pay attention to the cultivation of talents’ innovative and entrepreneurial ability. Double pressures make it imperative to realize the integration of entrepreneurship education and professional education. At present, there are some relevant practices in minority areas, but few systematic studies. I hope this study can provide references for the development of higher vocational education and entrepreneurship education, in minority areas.The research has deeply combed the relationship between the entrepreneurship education and professional education, based on abundant literatures and materials. A field survey was carried out in G city of T Province, choosing X Career Technical College as a case, based on the comprehensive analyze of the special environment of the minority areas. This study makes a systematic and detailed analysis of the development of the school’s entrepreneurship education via questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and participant observation. It is found that the integration between entrepreneurship education and professional education has made some progress in X Career Technical College, but problems still exist. Such as, the single integration mode limited the reception group of entrepreneurship education; the curriculum integration degree of entrepreneurship education and professional education is low, which results both of them lack of effective convergence; the group of teachers lack of integration, needs to improve the quality of entrepreneurship education; integration process ignored the characteristics of ethnic minority areas, ignores the regional service function; in the absence of the evaluation system of entrepreneurship education, weakening the enthusiasm of fusion. Based on the Triple Helix Theory, respectively analysis the cause of the problem: the school mainly includes the system mechanism is not perfect; cognitive bias of higher vocational college management; lack of entrepreneurial campus culture atmosphere; the teaching platform construction cannot keep up with the demand. The government mainly includes that the support policy is not enough system, policy advocacy and implementation is not enough. Enterprise mainly includes: lack of enterprise’s environmental support; lack of enterprise’s human capital support.The research believed that the integration of entrepreneurship education and professional education in minority areas is of great significance to the reform of vocational education and the region development. The government, schools and enterprises need to pay sufficient attention to it; definitude the teaching aims of entrepreneurship education, provides the basis for the conducting and evaluation of the teaching activities; improving the institutional mechanisms, providing management team for the integration between entrepreneurial education and professional education; promoting curriculum integration, constructing a curriculum integration system of entrepreneurship education and professional education; intensify the training for teachers, make full use of social resources and the construction of high-quality teachers; increasing policy and financial support, to provide good integration conditions; setting special professional, integrating into entrepreneurship education, cultivating local businesses, and then promoting the development of minority areas.更多还原