【作者】 王燕；

【导师】 肖媛；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 公共管理， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 当前世界经济快速发展,物质生活越来越丰富,随之环境问题也成为人们越来越关心的话题,有了某些国家“先污染后治理”的前车之鉴,中国在使用传统手段开展环境综合整治的过程中也积极探索出一些新的环境经济政策。其中“排污权交易”是得以启动并慢慢推广的新政策。所谓“排污权交易”是指：在满足环境要求的前提下,建立合法的污染物排放权利及排污权,并允许这种权力像商品那样被买卖,以此来控制污染物的排放。从20世纪90年代起,我国就开始排污权交易制度的探索,并在一些地区开展排污交易试点,以大气污染物中的二氧化硫(S0。)和水污染物中的化学需氧量(COD)为主要交易对象。据不完全统计,很多地方已经建立了排污权交易平台,例如北京、南京、武汉、天津、长沙等地,还有一些省市的交易平台也正在建设之中。太仓市位于江苏省最南部,东濒长江；西连昆山；南临上海市,北接常熟市。总面积八百多平方公里,其中长江水域面积一百四十四平方公里。太仓市自然条件优越、水陆交通便利、农业生产基本条件好、工业发达、经济基础雄厚,是我国最发达的地区之一。然而随着经济的快速发展,太仓当地的环境形势也日益严峻。尽管地方政府因此收紧了环境保护政策,但是与环境恶化的速度以及群众要求迅速改善环境质量的要求还存在很大差距。所以该地区目前展开了排污权交易的探索,通过市场手段对污染物的排放进行有效控制,具有传统环境手段所没有的明显优点。排污权交易在运用市场化手段治污的作用是毋庸置疑的,但是对于真正在实践中如何使其进一步优化仍然有待研究。太仓市开展排污权交易,尤其是全面的初始排污权有偿分配,及成功完成异地排污权交易在国内来说是都是首例,具有一定典型性。本文以排污权交易和公共政策相关理论为依据,通过对太仓市排污权实施过程的研究分析,在排污权交易体系构建、初始排污权有偿分配等具体细节上进行了详细的论述和客观的评价。分析了太仓市实施排污权交易制度的必要性和可行性。结合太仓市的实践找出存在的问题并且提出进一步优化该制度的政策建议。提出排污权交易与污染物减排相结合、加强排污权交易市场的审核与监督、如何让排污权交易持续发这三方面来促进排污权交易制度发展的对策,本文为我国排污权交易制度的深化发展提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid economic development in the world and increasing living standard, the environmental problem has become more and more concerning. Learning from some countries’ policy "treatment after pollution", China has come up with some new environmental economic strategies in the process of comprehensive treatment with the traditional methods. The trade of pollutant emission rights which has been started and promoted is one of the new policies. It refers to:under the premise of meeting the environment requirement, the legal rights and emission of the pollutants discharge can be established and allowed that could be traded like a commodity in order to control the emissions of pollutants.Since the 1990s, our country began to explore the emissions trading system and carried out the emission trading pilot in some areas.Its objects are based on sulfur dioxide (SO2) in air pollutants and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water pollutants. According to incomplete statistics, many places have set up emissions trading platform, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha and other places, while some provinces and cities trading platform is under construction. Taicang city is located in the south of Jiangsu province and on the southern bank of Yangtze River. The city borders Kunshan city to the west. Shanghai to the south, Changshu to the north. Taicang has a total area of more than eight hundred square kilometers, of which the Yangtze river makes up one hundred and forty-four square kilometers. The natural conditions in Taicang are excellent, the water and land transportation are convenient, the fundamentals of agricultural production are superb, the industry of the city is flourishing, the economic foundation is solid,therefore Taicang is one of the most developed area in our country. The rapid development of economy has increased dangerous environmental situations in Taicang. Despite the local government tighten the environmental protection policy, it still has a significant gap for the speed of environmental degradation as well as the local population’s requirement to improve the environment quality immediately. So the region now launched the exploration of emissions trading, which made the emissions of pollutants under effective control through market means has the obvious advantages than traditional means. Its function is beyond doubt, but how to make the optimization in practice remains to be further researched.Taicang city carried out the emissions trading, the comprehensive payment for initial emission permits and the successful completion of the long-distance emissions trading are both the first cases in the domestic,which have certain representativeness. This paper is based on the related theories of emissions trading and public policy, through the research and analysis of Taicang emission implementation process, it discusses the emissions trading system construction in the emissions trading, the paid for initial emission permits and other specifics in detail. The paper analyses the necessity and feasibility of implementing emission trading system in Taicang. In combination with the practices, we can find out existing problems and come up with the policy suggestions on further optimizing the system. It offered some countermeasures that can promote the development of emissions trading system in three aspects, which are combining the tradable permits and pollution reduction, the emission trading of initial emission rights for free distribution, strengthen the audit and supervision of emissions trading market. This thesis is to provide the reference for deepening development of China’s emissions trading system.更多还原