【作者】 李龙；

【导师】 闫云飞；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 工程硕士（动力工程领域）（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 燃煤燃烧炉作为我国绝大多数密集型烤房的供热设备,在烟叶烘烤过程中,由于其燃烧效率低而伴随产生了大量污染物,已严重影响烟草生产的可持续发展。烤烟生产已成为重庆市彭水县的支柱性产业,然而彭水烟区密集型烤房燃煤燃烧炉存在煤耗高、污染排放多、劳动强度大等问题,亟需改善和解决。本文首先对密集型烤房燃烧炉进行了节能改造设计,提出了一种具有梯形结构板式炉排及自动加煤装置的新型燃煤燃烧炉,开展了燃烧炉燃烧试验,分析燃烧炉燃烧效果,验证燃烧炉节能改造方案。而后又进行了烟叶烘烤试验,综合比较了使用改造后的燃烧炉与既有燃烧炉烟叶烘烤的效果。此外,还对密集型烤房燃烧炉节能改造的效益进行了综合评价。节能研究结果表明:(1)在燃烧炉燃烧试验中,既有燃烧炉的烟气成分中可燃性成分很高,燃料燃烧很不充分,燃烧炉外壁面散热严重,而通过改造后的燃烧炉燃烧过程中,可燃性成分显著下降,燃烧炉外壁面散热明显减少,燃烧炉燃烧效果有了较大提升。(2)在烟叶烘烤试验中,与既有燃烧炉相比,完全改造后的燃烧炉烘烤一棚烟叶标煤耗煤量354 kg,耗电量240kw·h,干烟耗煤量0.91 kg/kg,实现节煤136 kg,省电80kw·h,节煤率达到了27.7%,燃烧效率提高了大约23.8%,省电1/3,上等烟比例提高了10.4%,添加了自动加煤装置使得烘烤一棚烟叶添煤次数大约是15次较手动添煤减少了41次,每隔11小时添加一次煤炭较手动添煤相隔的时间增加了8小时,大大地减轻烟叶烘烤的劳动强度。(3)每个密集型烤房燃烧炉改造成本较低只有8000元,而效益显著,在经济效益方面,该项目的静态投资回收年限为2年,经济净现值为2487元,经济内部效益为44.3%。在环境效益方面,该项目可以为彭水烟区每年减排CO2:20217.6吨/年,SO2:584吨/年,NOX:291.2吨/年,粉尘颗粒:5288吨/年。在社会效益方面,该项目能够能为彭水地区烟农增收1848万元,预计彭水县政府上缴烟叶特产税将增加369.6万元,烟农户均收入将增加5796元,该项目适合向彭水县甚至整个重庆市推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal-fired furnace has widely used in most bulk curing barn. Because of its low combustion efficiency along with a large amount of pollutants produced during tobacco curing process, it has seriously affected the sustainable development of tobacco production. Tobacco production has become a pillar industry in Pengshui county Chongqing city. But coal-fired furnace in the bulk curing barn has existed so many problems which need to improve and solve, such as high coal consumption, emissions more,labor-intensive.At the beginning of the paper, coal-fired furnace in the bulk curing barn has been energy-saving reconstructed. And then a new coal-fired furnace has been proposed, which has trapezoidal plate grate and automatic feeding device. In order to analyze the effect of coal-fired furnace combustion and demonstrate reconstruction energy-saving scheme, coal-fired furnace combustion test has been launched. Comprehensive comparison tobacco curing effect of reconstructing coal-fired furnace and existing coal-fired furnace,tobacco curing tests have been carried out. In addition, comprehensive benefit of energy-saving reconstruction on coal-fired furnace in the bulk curing barn has been evaluated.The results of the study shows:(1)During the coal-fired furnace combustion test, the combustible component was very high in the exhaust gas, fuel combustion was not sufficient, furnace wall surface dissipated heat severely. After reconstructed furnace, the combustible component decreased significantly, combustion furnace wall surface heat dissipation significantly reduced, burning effect in the furnace had been greatly improved.(2)Compared with the existing coal-fired furnace in the bulk curing barn, a shed tobacco curing with using fully reconstructed coal-fired furnace should consume coal 240 kg and electricity 240kw·h. Per kilogram dry tobacco need coal 0.94 kg. It realizes saving coal 136 kg and electricity 80kw·h, combustion efficiency improved nearly 23.8%, saving-coal rate reached 27.7%, saving-electricity 1/3, the ratio of superior tobacco improved 10.4%. After coal-fired furnace added the automatic feeding device, the times of adding coal is 15,which decreased 41 times than without automatic feeding device. The interval time of automatic feeding device is 11 hours, which increased 8 hours than adding coal by people. It has greatly reduced the labor intensity of tobacco curing.(3)The cost of reconstructing one coal-fired furnace in the bulk curing barn is just ￥8000, which is very cheap, and benefit is remarkable. In terms of economic benefit, the investment payback period of this project is just 2 years, economic net present value is ￥2487, and EIRR is 44.3%. In terms of environmental benefit, In Pengshui county, every year this project can reduce emissions: CO2:20217.6 tons,SO2:584 tons,NOX:291.2 tons,dust particles:5288 tons. In terms of social benefit, Tobacco farmers,income can increase ￥18.48 million in Pengshui county. County specialty tobacco taxes will increase ￥3.696 million and the average income of tobacco farmers will increase ￥5796. This project is suitable for promoting to the whole county of Pengshui,even the whole city of Chongqing.更多还原