【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 吕亚非； 李齐；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 泡沫有机硅是一种柔性、多孔弹性的新型高性能功能材料,它集有机硅和泡沫材料的优点于一体,它不仅具有有机硅突出的耐热、耐寒、耐臭氧和紫外辐射等,还有泡沫材料的质量轻、比强度高、隔热性、阻尼性能好等特点。而室温硫化泡沫有机硅不仅生产工艺简单,而且操作方便,可就地发泡成型,所以其应用领域更加广泛。本论文先研制了一种新型发泡剂,并讨论其用量对硅泡沫材料性能的影响,同时又系统讨论了其它不同组分对其性能的影响。本文以甲基氢二氯硅烷为原料,在不同溶剂的冰水浴条件下与氨气发生氨解反应得到以硅氮键为主链的含氢硅氮烷,通过FTIR、1H-NMR对硅氮产物进行表征,结果表明已成功合成了聚甲基含氢硅氮烷。然后选用甲基含氢硅氮烷和甲基含氢硅油复配作为发泡剂,研究含氢硅氮烷用量比例对泡沫材料性能的影响,结果表明当两者复配比例为1：1,其泡沫材料综合性能最好。研究了基胶粘度及分子结构对泡沫材料性能的影响,随着基胶粘度增大,泡孔变小、密度减小,力学性能有所增加：含苯基和三氟丙基的基胶制得的材料泡孔小、开孔率高,但其力学性能较差,而且三氟丙基的引入使材料的热稳定性降低,但苯基的引入可以增强其稳定性。研究了含氢硅油和助发泡剂对泡沫材料性能的影响,采用二苯基硅二醇为助发泡剂时,得到的泡沫材料为细小的闭孔,且密度偏大,用低分子醇做助发泡剂时,其力学性能较差,所以选羟基硅油做发泡助剂。当含氢硅油用量和羟基硅油用量为10份时,泡沫密度为0.5g/cm3,拉伸强度为0.14MPa,硬度为16,其综合性能最好。研究了不同型号白炭黑作为补强填料时对对泡沫材料性能的影响,由气相疏水白炭黑R8200制得的泡沫材料密度最小,开孔率最高,但其拉伸强度较低,由气相疏水白炭黑R106和亲水型白炭黑H170制得的泡沫材料密度偏大导致其拉伸强度较大,相对而言,由沉淀法白炭黑TQ-350及改性沉淀白炭黑制得的泡沫材料密度适中,且其拉伸强度、断裂伸长都较好,且当填料用量为15份时,其密度小达到0.52g/cm3,拉伸强度为0.21MPa,其综合性能最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Silicone foam is a new type of flexible, porous elastic high performance functional materials, which combines the advantages of organic silicon and foam. It not only has a silicone outstanding heat resistance, cold resistance, resistant to ozone and ultraviolet radiation, etc. but also with the quality of the foam light, high specific strength, good thermal insulation, damping performance. The RTV silicone foam production process is not only simple and convenient operation, but also can be in-place foaming molding, so it’s more extensive applications. This paper studied the preparation of a new type of foaming agent, and discussed its effect on the properties of foam material, at the same time, the influence of other component also discussed.In this thesis, methyl hydrogen dichloride silane was used as raw material, reaction occured under the condition of different solvents of ice water bath with ammonia, the product is hydrogen silazane. Its structure characterization was taken by FT-IR,1H-NMR, the results show that it have been successfully synthesized poly (methyl hydrogen silazane. Then choose methyl hydrogen silazane and methyl hydrogen silicone oil as blowing agent, influence of the amount of hydrogen silazane ratio on the properties of foam material was studied, the results show that when the proportion is 1:1,the foam comprehensive performance is best.The influence of viscosity and molecular structure of rubber on the properties of foam material was studied, as the viscosity increased, bubble hole size, density decreased, mechanical properties increased, the cell size of foam material made by rubber containing phenyl and trifluoropropyl group is small and its opening rate is high, but its’ mechanical properties is poor, and the introduction of trifluoropropyl result in the decrease of thermal stability, but the introduction of phenyl can enhance its thermal stability.The influence of cross-linking agent and co-blowing agent on he properties of foam material was studied. When using diphenylsilandiol as co-blowing agents, the foam obtained was fine small closed cells, and the density is too large, when using low molecular weight alcohol as co-blowing agent, its mechanical properties is poor, so elected hydroxy silicone oil as co-blowing agents. When the amount of hydrogen silicone oil and hydroxy silicone oil are 10 parts, the foam density is 0.5g/cm3, the tensile strength is 0.14MPa,hardness is 16, its comprehensive performance is best.The influence of different types of silica as reinforcing filler on the properties of the foam material was studied. The foam density made by R8200 is small, opening rate is high, but its tensile strength is low, the foam density made by R106 and H170 is large, which lead to its high tensile strength, relatively, the foam density made by TQ-350 and modification precipitated silica is moderate, the tensile strength and elongation are good, and when the amount of filler is 15 parts, its density reaches 0.52g/cm3, the tensile strength is 0.21MPa,its comprehensive performance is best.更多还原