【作者】 李雪梅；

【导师】 樊丽君；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 法学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年我国的离婚率居高不下,离婚会产生很多不利后果。比如,离婚可能会使离婚后经济弱势方陷入生活困难,若这些经济困难者都由社会来救助,就必然给社会带来负担。离婚经济帮助制度的设立是为了解决救助离婚后经济弱势一方的困境,经济帮助制度合理分配离婚导致的不利后果—因离婚导致的一方经济困难由原配偶双方公平地分担。离婚经济帮助制度主要规定在《婚姻法》第四十二条,此制度的功能价值是贯彻保障婚姻法中离婚自由的基本原则、保护离婚后经济弱势方的经济利益和其他合法权益,最终促进家庭结构的稳定、社会和谐和稳定。但是离婚经济帮助制度存在许多制度不完善的地方,致使其在司法实践中难以应用于实践。由于离婚经济帮助制度存在诸多缺陷,有必要对其完善,进行制度反思、并重构。本文主体结构主要分为摘要、正文、结语三部分。正文部分为以下五章内容：第一章,主要简要介绍了离婚经济帮助制度的相关理论和体系,主要包括其内涵、法理基础、性质及我国离婚经济帮助制度的构成要件理论。第二章,在第一章介绍了离婚经济帮助的基本理论后,分析我国离婚经济帮助制度存在的制度存在的缺陷及相关缺陷的形成原因,主要缺陷体现在经济困难的标准不合理、不确定,且存在受助者范围小,适用条件苛刻,住房方面的帮助在司法实践中很难操作,经济帮助的数额偏低等问题,这些问题的形成原因主要为当事人权利意识淡薄以及制度本身缺陷导致的实践可操作性差。第三章,通过对离婚经济帮助或存或废的观点进行分析论证,本文认为：虽然本制度存在很多缺点,制度适用不是很理想,可是它仍然有独立的存在价值,不能被任何其他制度或理论所取代。第四章,主要从比较法的角度,对大陆法系和英美法系国家（地区）的离婚扶养制度进行了研究：分析概括总结以英、美为代表的英美法系国家的成功立法经验,参考、借鉴以德、法等国为代表的大陆法系国家的有关离婚扶养制度的成功立法经验,并分析我国台湾地区离婚赡养费制度的相关立法例,以期待从其他国家和地区的离婚扶养的相关立法经验中得到启示,从而完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度。第五章,通过借鉴国外的立法例,并考虑到我国社会文化传统、司法实践经验和我国经济帮助制度的缺陷,有必要对离婚经济帮助制度进行反思重构：本文认同多数学者提出的“相对困难”标准作为离婚经济帮助制度的困难标准,并且需要被请求方有帮助的能力,另外本文在确定帮助数额的参考因素、帮助方式、经济帮助请求权的变更、终止等方面提出了改革完善的建议,并根据不同的离婚方式确定了离婚经济帮助请求权的时效,希望可以增强经济帮助在司法实践运用中的操作性,也希望本文的研究成果可以为未来的立法完善我国《婚姻法》相关法律制度提供理论方面的参考、借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is a rising divorce rate over the last decade in China, which would lead to lots of adverse consequences. For instance, after divorce the economical disadvantaged party will suffer from life difficulty. If all these people with financial difficulties get national assistance, it is imposed the burden on the society. In order to avoid this dilemma, we have established the divorce economic aid system, which reasonably distribute the unfavorable consequences caused by divorce, make the former spouses fairly share the economic difficulties caused by divorce.The divorce economic aid system has been provided by Article 42 in Marriage Law. This system is aimed at Safeguarding the principle of freedom of marriage in Marriage Law, protects the legal civil rights and interests of the party who have financial difficulty after divorce, finally promote family structure stability and social harmony.But divorce economic aid system has serious institutional defects, it is rarely applied in judicial practice. Given so many problems exist in the economic aid system, it is necessary to improve it, to reflect this system and consider reconstructing it.The thesis contains abstract, body and conclusion. The body partis including the following content:Chapter one mainly introduces basic theory about divorce economic aid system in China, including the connotation, jurisprudential basis, nature and the components of it.Chapter two analyzes the defects of the economic aid system and the causes of them on the basis of the chapter one. There exist some defects which includes that the standards of economic difficulties are unreasonable and uncertain, the scope of aid receiver is very limited, the applicable conditions are critical, the regulations of dwelling aid are very hard to be enforced in juridical practice, the amount of economic assistant is low. The main causes of these problems are the parties have weak awareness of their rights as well as the defects in the system itself.Chapter three introduces the opinions about the dispute over the retention or abolition about the economic aid system in China, thendraws a conclusion that although there remains many flaws in this system, and the application is not ideal, but it still have the independent existence value which cannot be replaced by any other institution or theory.Chapter four, mainly from comparative perspective,separately researches the spousal support system in major countries (regions) in both civil law and common law, summarized on the legislation of the United Kingdom and the United States represented by the common law, use the legislative experiences of the Germany and France represented by the civil law for reference, enlightened by the alimony payments system in Taiwan Area, looking forward to get inspiration from the relevant legislative experience of other countries and regions to perfect our economic help system.Chapter five, given the traditional culture of our society, the judicial practice experience and these problems exist in the economic aid system, it is necessary to reflect this system and reconstruct it using the foreign legislative experience. Therefore, the applicable conditions of divorce aid system should include the relative economic difficulty standard and the obligor has the financial ability to provide the economic aid. Furthermore, the considerations, method, situations of change and termination are clearly defined in this thesis. And the exercise time of divorce economic aid claim is also reasonably set up according to the different method of divorce. The ultimate goal is to enhance operability of economic aid system in judicial practice, these suggestions are also expected to provide theoretical reference for perfecting lawmaking in relevant system in Marriage Law.更多还原