【作者】 刘欣；

【导师】 刘滨辉；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以大兴安岭地区不同坡向兴安落叶松为研究对象,在北部阿龙山、中部克一河和南部绰尔分别设置样地,建立各采样点不同坡向兴安落叶松年轮宽度年表。首先分析平均温度、最高温度、最低温度和降水量等气候因子的变化规律,以及不同坡向树木径向生长变化规律。然后利用相关分析和移动相关的方法研究不同坡向兴安落叶松径向生长与气候因子的关系,揭示气候变化对大兴安岭不同坡向兴安落叶松生长的影响。主要结果如下：(1)大兴安岭三个采样点1960-2008年间平均温度、最高温度、最低温度总体呈显著上升趋势,但降水变化趋势不同。北部阿龙山的平均温度、最高温度、最低温度和年降水量的倾向率分别为0.36℃·(10a)-1、0.52·(10a)-1、0.21℃·(10a)-1和10.68 mm·(10a)-1。中部克一河倾向率分别为0.43℃· (10a)-1、0.48℃·(10a)-1、0.35℃·(10a)-1和-12mm·(10a)-1南部绰尔倾向率分别为0.37℃·(10a)-1、0.39℃·(10a)-1、0.46℃·(10a)-1和-5.89mm·(10a)-1。大兴安岭地区3个采样地点在1960-2008年间年平均温度均显著上升,且在1985年～1990年间气温的上升趋势最为剧烈。大兴安岭地区白天温度和夜晚温度不同步,北部和中部地区白天温度上升最显著,南部地区夜晚温度最显著。北部地区年降水呈上升趋势外,中部和南部地区均呈下降趋势,大兴安岭北、中部地区年降水量变化趋势达到显著水平,而南部地区趋势不显著。(2)大兴安岭不同坡向的兴安落叶松适合进行年轮气候学分析。中部北坡的兴安落叶松标准年表的各项统计量优于其它样地。北坡兴安落叶松树轮指数增加幅度由北向南先增后减：南坡兴安落叶松树轮指数增加幅度由北向南先减后增。北部和南部地区南北坡兴安落叶松径向生长对气候变暖的响应差异性不显著,中部地区南北坡落叶松径向生长对气候变暖响差异性显著。南部地区的南北坡兴安落叶松树轮生长规律相似度高,北部地区的南北坡兴安落叶松次之,中部地区的南北坡兴安落叶松差异性最明显。南北坡树木生长差异在不同纬度间存在不同的结果,总体来说兴安落叶松径向生长在不同纬度上差异要大于不同坡向之间的差异。(3)兴安落叶松径向生长主要受温度制约,与降水关系较弱。大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松生长均受冬季温度影响,但不同地区和坡向对冬季温度的响应特点不同。相关分析可知：从北部到中部北坡最低温度对兴安落叶松径向生长所起作用最显著；从中部南坡到南部最高温度对兴安落叶松径向生长作用最显著。滑动分析可知：北部北坡兴安落叶松气候信号在整个研究区间相对稳定,其它地点的兴安落叶松气候信号在整个研究区间是不稳定。除北部北坡外,其它地点的兴安落叶松生长对于温度的响应在近代(1990年以后)出现响应分离效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper, in order to investigate how slope direction influence on the radical growth of Larix gmelinii in response to climate change, we establish Larix gmelinii tree ring width chronology in both north and south aspect in three sites along a latitude gradient in Great Khingan mountain areas. We analysis the change character of average temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature and precipitation in the three sites, as well as tree growth variation in different aspect. Using correlation analysis method and moving correlation analysis method, we compare the relationship between Larix gmelinii radial growth and climatic factors for different aspect. The primary results are:(1) From 1960 to 2008, the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature showed a significant warming trend in the three locations, but the change in precipitation is different. In Alongshan (north site), the annual average temperature, annual average maximum temperature, annual average minimum temperature and annual precipitation trend were 0.36℃·(10a)-1,0.52℃·(10a)-1,0.21 ℃·(10a)-1 and 10.68 mm·(10a)-1. respectively in Keyihe (middle site) the trends of the annual average temperature, annual average maximum temperature, annual average minimum temperature and annual precipitation trend were 0.43℃·(10a)-1,0.48℃·(10a)-1,0.35℃·(10a)-1 and -12mm·(10a)-1 respectively in Chaor (south site) the trends of the annual average temperature, annual average maximum temperature, annual average minimum temperature and annual precipitation trend were 0.37℃·(10a)-1,0.39℃·(10a)-1,0.46℃·(10a)-1 and -5.89 mm·(10a)-1 respectively. Temporally, temperature increase is most obvious during the period of 1985 to 1990. Annual total precipitation reveal a increasing trend in the north site, while showing a decreasing trend in the middle and south sites. The changes of precipitation in north and middle sites were significant, while the change in the south site has not reached significant levels.(2)Tree ring statistics feature reveal that Larix gmelinii is suitable for dendroclimatology studies. The statistic values of Larix gmelinii standard chronology in north slope of middle site are superior to other plots. The magnitude of the trend of Larix gmelinii tree ring width in the north slope decreased from north site to middle site and then increased from middle site to south site. The magnitude of the trend of Larix gmelinii tree ring width in the south slope decrease from north site to middle site and then inccreased from middle site to south site. In the north slope of the middle site, Larix gmelinii is the most sensitive to climate change. In the northern and southern sites, the temporal changes of tree ring width chronology of Larix gmelinii for differ aspect is similar, while in the middle site, the temporal changes of tree ring width chronology of Larix gmelinii for differ aspect is different. Tree ring width chronology of Larix gmelinii in south and north slope direction in the south site with the highest similarity followed by the northern site. In the middle site, tree ring width chronology of Larix gmelinii in the north and south slopes is high in class distance. Generally, latitude difference of tree ring width chronology of Larix gmelinii is greater than the aspect difference..(3) The results showed that larch Larix gmelinii growth is mainly influenced by temperature, and the relationship between precipitation and radical growth is weak. The radical growth of Larix gmelinii in Great Khingan region is sensitive to temperature of the winter season, but the response for different site and slope were different. Correlation analysis shows: from the north site to north slope of the middle site, the lowest temperature has significant impact on the radial growth of Larix gmelinii in Great Khingan, from southern slope of the the middlesite to the south site, the highest temperature has significant impact on radial growth. Moving correlation analysis shows:in north slope of the north site climatic signal relatively constant throughout the study interval, in other locations, the climatic signal of Larix gmelinii is not stable in the whole research period. Beside the northern slope of the north site, radial growth of Larix gmelinii in other locations reveal a divergence in growth response to temperature after 1990.更多还原