【作者】 李志鹏；

【导师】 张丰；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 对海洋生态系统健康状态全面客观的评价,有利于海洋经济的可持续发展和海洋生态系统健康状态的改善。在浙江省北部地区经济高速发展,科学高效利用海洋资源的同时,也不可避免的对浙北近海海域的生态系统造成一定的威胁。为了降低涉海工程对海洋生态环境可能造成的不利影响,通过分析浙江省北部海域高浊度、复杂水体等特点,利用层次分析法从水环境、沉积环境、海洋生物多样性和人类活动压力构建了浙江省北部近海海域生态系统健康评价指标体系,采用熵权法确定了相关因子的权重。在此基础上,综合地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析方法、数学模型,对2005年至2014年浙江省北部海域进行了实证研究。结果表明：(1)2005-2014年10年间浙江省北部近海海域生态系统整体上处于不健康状态浙江省北部近海海域生态系统整体上处于不健康状态。含量较高的无机氮和磷酸盐及较低的海洋初级生产力是影响其环境质量的主要因素。(2)从热点分析的结果来看,污染物主要集中在杭州湾、三门湾等河口地区及宁波—舟山近海海域,这些区域由于经济发达,大型涉海工程的建设、过度的捕捞以及海水污染较为严重导致生物生存环境较为恶劣,生物多样性较低,加上浙江北部近海海域高浊度、复杂水体的环境造成了海洋初级生产力较为低下,进而影响了整个生态系统的健康情况。(3)浙北近海海域生态系统主要薄弱区域与人类活动格局基本一致,由此推断,人类活动是影响浙北海域生态系统健康状态的主要原因。总体上,从2005至2014年浙北近海海域生态系统健康10年来并没有得到一个明显的改善。实证研究表明,所构建的浙江省北部近海海域生态系统健康评价指标体系和所使用的地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术相结合具有很强的适应性、可操作性,是一种合理的、客观、可行的空间化定量评价方法。同时本文的研究结果也能够为改善浙江省北部近海海域生态环境提供一定的科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Comprehensive and objective evalution of marine ecosystem have great significance for the preservation of the marine sustainable development and improve the marine ecosystem.The coastal waters around the northern part of Zhejiang Province are confronted by serious environmental threats caused by the rapid development of the economy and highly efficient use of marine resources.In order to reduce and mitigate the possible negative effects of larger sea-related projects on the marine ecological environment, we built an evaluation index system to assess the offshore ecological environmental quality by analyzing the complexity and high turbidity of the water around the northern part of Zhejiang Province, as well as implementing an AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)-method based on four aspects:water environment, depositional environment, marine biodiversity and pressure of human activity. We used the entropy weight method to determine the weight of the relevant factors, and used the comprehensive index weighting method to calculate the marine ecological environment comprehensive index (S). When S≥75, it implies that marine ecosystem is healthy; when 60≤S< 75, it suggests that marine ecosystem is sub-healthy; and when S< 60, it indicates that the marine ecosystem is unhealthy. On the basis of this, we integrated GIS spatial analysis methods with a mathematical model to practically study, on a macro scale, the coastal water around the northern shores of Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2014. The results were as follows:(1) the ecological environmental quality of the coastal water around the northern shores of Zhejiang Province are in an unhealthy state between 2005 and 2014, especially in Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Harbor, Sanmen Bay, and Ningbo-Zhou Shan sea area. The high inorganic nitrogen and phosphate contents and weak ocean primary productivity are the main factors affecting the quality of this environment.These factors cause high organic pollutant index values, high levels of eutrophication, and serious marine pollution in this area.(2) The hotspot analysis results showed that the pollutants are mainly concentrated in the Ningbo-Zhou Shan coastal waters, Hangzhou Bay, Sanmen Bay, and some other river estuaries. These regions have poor biological survival and low biodiversity due to economic development, construction of large sea-related projects, overfishing, and serious water pollution. In addition, the complexity and high turbidity of the water around the northern shores of Zhejiang Province cause weak ocean primary productivity, which affects the health of the entire ecosystem.(3) The analysis indicated that the unhealthy areas are mainly distributed in the vicinities of the coast, estuaries, and harbors, and the distribution of these areas with low ecological environment quality is similar to the human activities pattern, which suggests that human activities are the main factors affecting the health status of this marine ecosystem.In general, ecological environment quality in the coastal waters around northern Zhejiang Province progressively worsened between 2005 and 2014.This empirical study shows that the index system constructed for eco-environmental quality assessment and the method adopted reflects the actual state of a particular ecosystem and the internal relationships of the ecological system. Furthermore, our study results can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological environmental quality in the northern coastal waters of Zhejiang Province.更多还原