【作者】 董凯；

【导师】 赖俊英；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 结构工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 夏热冬冷地区各城市间气候差异显著,实际采暖需求及空调需求差异明显。《夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》(JGJ134-2010)对整个夏热冬冷地区规定了相同的采暖计算期(90天)及空调计算期(78天),导致大部分城市的水平式外遮阳全年节电率计算结果与实际情况存在偏差。通过对夏热冬冷地区20个典型城市33年实测气象数据的分析,参照《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》(GB 50736-2012)及《民用建筑热工设计规范》(GB 50176-93),提出了基于室外气温分析的采暖、空调计算期计算方法B2。方法B2补全了空调计算期的计算方法,并考虑了实测气象数据的日间离散性及年间离散性。在此基础上,分析了夏热冬冷地区20个典型城市的太阳辐射实测数据,进一步提出了一种考虑太阳辐射影响的采暖、空调计算期修正方法B3。该修正方法通过调整采暖临界温度及空调临界温度,以实现采暖、空调计算期的修正。选取夏热冬冷地区20个典型城市,采用DesignBuilder软件及EnergyPlus软件研究了,不同采暖、空调计算期对水平式外遮阳全年节电率计算结果的影响。采用行业标准规定的采暖、空调计算期时,18个典型城市的水平式外遮阳全年节电率计算结果为负数,得出了水平式外遮阳在夏热冬冷地区大部分城市无节能效果的评估结果；采用按方法B2计算得到的采暖、空调计算期时,除了汉中等5个城市的水平式外遮阳全年节电率计算结果仍然为负数外,其余15个城市的计算结果在0.7%至6.1%之间,水平式外遮阳在夏热冬冷地区大部分城市具有良好的节能效果。考虑太阳辐射的影响对采暖、空调计算期进行修正后,冬季(夏季)太阳辐射资源稀缺的城市的水平式外遮阳全年节电率计算结果有所下降。如重庆,修正后,其水平式外遮阳的全年节电率从6.1%下降至3.5%。通过足尺试验,研究了室内外温差及太阳辐射对外墙冷(热)负荷的影响。结果表明：在夏季,175 W/m2太阳辐射与10℃室内外温差共同作用引起的外墙冷负荷,是10*C室内外温差单独作用下引起的外墙冷负荷的3.2倍；在冬季,175 W/m2太阳辐射与18℃室内外温差共同作用下外墙热负荷等于0,而18℃室内外温差单独作用下引起的外墙热负荷达到23.2 W/m2。因此,太阳辐射与室内外温差都是影响室内能耗的重要因素,确定采暖、空调计算期时考虑太阳辐射的影响确有必要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Differences in climate between cities in hot summer and cold winter zone are significant, and the same to heating demand and cooling demand. According to the provisions of 《Design standard for energy efficiency of residentical buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone》 (JGJ 134-2010), all cities in hot summer and cold winter zone must use the same heating period (90d) and colling period (78d). Thus the simulation results of energy saving rate of horizontal external shading in most cities in hot summer and cold winter zone is not in accordance with the actual. A calculation method of heating and cooling periods named B2 was put forward according the analysis of 33 years measured meteorological data of 20 typical cities in hot summer and cold winter zone, 《Design code for heating ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings》 (GB 50736-2010) and《Thermal design code for civil building》 (GB 50176-93). Further more then measured solar radiation data of the 20 typical cities in hot summer and cold winter zone was analyzed, and a calculation method of heating and cooling periods considering the influence of solar radiation named B3 was put forward. The method B3 corrected the heating and cooling periods by adjusting the heating critical temperature and the cooling critical temperature.This paper studied the effects of different heating and cooling periods on the simulation results of the annual electricity saving rates of horizontal external shading in 20 typical cities in hot summer and cold winter zone. With the heating and cooling periods of the industry standard the simulation results of annual electricity saving rates of 18 typical cities were negative. It seems that the horizontal external shading has no energy saving effect in most cities in hot summer and cold winter zone. With the heating and colding periods calculated by method B2 5 cities’ simulation results of annual electricity saving rate are still negative, but the other 15 cities’are between 0.7% to 6.1%. It means that the horizontal external shading has good energy saving effect in most cities in hot summer and cold winter zone. After the correction by method B3 the annual electricity saving rate of horizontal external shading decreased in cities with scarce solar radiation in winter or summer. Such as Chongqing, after the correction the annual electricity saving rate of horizontal external shading decreased from 6.1% to 3.5%.Effect of the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor and solar radiation on external wall cooling and heating load was studied through full scale experiment. Results show:the cooling load of external wall caused by solar radiation (175 W/m2) and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor (10℃) together is 3.2 times as much as the value caused by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor (10℃) singly in summer. In winter the heating load of external wall caused by solar radiation (175 W/m2) and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor (10℃) together is 0 while the value caused by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor (10℃) singly is 23.2 W/m2. Therefore, the solar radiation and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor are all important factors to affect indoor energy consumption. It is really necessary to determine the influence of solar radiation on the calculation of cooling period and heating period.更多还原