【作者】 谢静；

【导师】 余小强；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 汉语复合词一直都是研究热点,在过去数十年的研究中,大多数学者都采用词库论,词的生成和储存都在词库里完成。词库论的缺陷在于：维持形态与句法两个机制造成了沉重的理论负担；词的概念在理论上混沌不清；一些语言现象不能得到合理的解释。与词库论不同的观点是,分布形态学理论摈弃了词库的观点,传统词库被拆分成了三个列表：句法终端表,词项表和百科表。它采用单引擎假说,即无论对于词以上还是词以下的单位,负责组合的方式都只有句法。词的生成和短语的生成并不二致。本文尝试在分布形态学理论框架下研究汉语复合词的构成。文章主要提出并尝试解决以下三个问题：1.如何界定汉语复合词?2.汉语复合词如何分类?3.在分布形态学的框架下,汉语复合词的生成机制是什么?关于第一个问题,本文根据汉语的特点设计了两类测试：基于重音位置的测试；基于句法标准的测试。区分复合词和词组的句法标准包括：不可渗透性,不可分离性和不可替代性。关于第二个问题,汉语复合词可分为基础复合词和合成复合词。基础复合词通过系连而成,即两个或者两个以上词根组合而成；合成复合词一般由两部分组成,一部分是派生于词根的中心成分,另一部分是相当于动词词根宾语的非中心成分。本文主要探讨基础复合词的合成过程。基础复合词根据传统语法可以分为五类：联合式,偏正式,动补式,动宾式和主谓式。关于第三个问题,本文演示了汉语复合词的生成过程。在分布形态学的框架下,词根没有语类特征,其语类由“语类指派语素”决定。词是语素通过合并和移位等手段构成的。联合式通过词根合并形成,其语类由“语类指派语素”决定,功能语素为其中心语。偏正式的合成过程主要是核心先合成词,然后与附加语词根合并。动补式来源于动词移位,是句法操作的结果。动宾式主要是通过词根合并后与“语类指派语素”合并,但是词组形式的离合词通过核心和附加语各自成词,然后合并。主谓式主要通过核心和附加语各自成词,然后合并。根据分布形态学的观点,复合词的研究起点是语素,句法负责构词。同时,汉语复合词的研究也为分布形态学提供了证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese compounds have always been a hot topic. During the last ten years, most linguists have adopted Lexicalism. Lexicalism claims that words are created and stored in the lexicon. It is problematic in the following ways:a) the Double-Engine Hypothesis causes a lot of burden whether theoretically or empirically; b) the lexicon is a vague linguistic notion; c) some problems cannot be well explained in Lexicalism. On the contrary, Distributed Morphology dumps the lexicon. The job which is assigned to lexicon are distributed into three components:a) morphosyntactic features; b) vocabulary; c) encyclopedia. The morphological operations and the syntactic operations are the same.This thesis proposes a novel analysis of Chinese Compounding under the framework of Distributed Morphology. The study mainly proposes and solves the following three questions: Q1:how can we identify Chinese compounds? Q2:how can we classify Chinese compounds? Q3:what is the mechanism of Chinese compounding within the framework of Distributed Morphology?As for the first question, I propose two kinds of tests to identify Chinese compounds: tests on the phonological stress and tests on the syntactic criteria. The syntactic criteria include syntactic impenetrability, inseparability and unalterability.Compounds can be divided into primary compounds and synthetic compounds. The thesis mainly covers the compounding of primary compounds. Primary compounds are classified into five sub-types:coordinative compounds, subordinative compounds, resultative compounds, verb-object compounds, and subject-predicate compounds.The thesis tries to demonstrate the mechanism of Chinese compounding. In DM, roots do not have any syntactic features, and the category is decided by the category-assigning morpheme. The coordinative compounds can be accounted by root merger. The subordinative compounds are created in root domain where the categorized head is merged with a root. The resultative compounds are constructed by merger and movements. When the breakable word behaves like a compound, it is derived by the merger of two roots; when it behaves like a phrase, it is derived by the merger of two phrases. The level of merger depends on the syntactic context. The subject-predicate compounds are derived in the following steps. In the first step, the root is merged with the category-assigning element n; the other root is merged with the category-assigning element a/v. In the second step, NP is merged with AP or VP.I propose that following the tenets of DM, Chinese compounds are derived by syntactic rules in the same way as the construction of phrase and syntax. The primitive linguistic constituent is not words but morphemes.更多还原