彭加勒科学观探析

【作者】 王丹；

【导师】 白利鹏；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 昂利·彭加勒是法国著名的科学哲学家,被誉为“起统帅作用的天才”和“理性科学的活跃智囊”,不仅在数学、物理学等学科领域内享负盛名,在哲学领域内也取得了创造性的成就,他的科学观在“科学破产"的紧迫时期为科学的客观性、合理性及进步性谋得生机,也为现代科学的产生形成一大助力。本文试图从彭加勒的哲学创造(经验约定论)及其科学方法论入手,结合其时代背景和科学发展状态,深入探析其科学观内涵并在其中提出自己的观点,力图廓清其科学观的合理性与局限性。本文分为五章：第一章：交代选题背景和选题意义,并就其研究现状进行概括性介绍。第二章：彭加勒的经验约定论是其独特的哲学创造,本章主要是对彭加勒经验约定论的起源和实验基础进行探索,揭示其具体内涵,强调“经验”与“约定”的结合,并对历史上误解经验约定论是唯心主义的观点进行辨析,结合经验约定论的内涵和科学发展的进程概括其重要作用。第三章：彭加勒重视对科学方法的总结和探索,他认为“约定是我们精神的自由活动”,以此为出发点,结合其科学研究的亲身经历,总结出一套行之有效的方法论体系。第四章：彭加勒在进行科学研究和创造的过程中,以经验约定论的思想为主导思想,加以科学方法的辅助,对科学的性质有其独到的见解,并揭示科学的发展动态是无止境、无终点的,科学将向统一性和简单性进展。第五章：通过对彭加勒科学观的整体把握,揭示其合理性与局限性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Henri Poincare is France famous philosopher of science. Is known as " commander in chief role of genius " and " rational scientific active brain ". Not only in mathematics, physics and other highly renowned within the discipline, but has made creative achievements in philosophy field. His science in the " Science of bankruptcy " urgent period for the objectivity of science, rationality and progressive to life, is also a great addition to form for the modern science and production. This article attempts from the Poincare’s philosophy to create the scientific methodology and theory of experience(Experience in contract theory), combined with its era background and scientific development stat, insight into the connotation of the science and put forward their views in them, try to clear the science rationality and limitations. This article is divided into five chapters:The first chapter:Metasomatic selected topic background and significance of topics, and its research status summary.Chapter two:Poincare’s creation experience theory of contract is of its unique philosophy, This chapter mainly is the origin of Poincare experience contract theory and experimental basis to explore, to reveal its concrete connotation. Emphasis on the combination of " experience " and " convention ", and the misunderstandings in the history of experience to contract theory is the viewpoint of idealism, combining with the experience of contract theory connotation and scientific summarized its important role in the process of development.The third chapter:Poincare emphasis on scientific methods of exploration and summary, he thinks " is our spirit free activity " agreement, as a starting point, combined with its scientific research experience, summed up a set of effective methodology that is intuitive, scientific beauty and assumptions.The fourth chapter:Poincare in scientific research and the process of creation, to experience the dominant idea of contract theory thought,scientific methods of auxiliary, the nature of science has its original ideas, and reveals the development of science and dynamic is endless, without end, scientific progress to the unity and simplicity.The fifth chapter:through the Poincare science overall grasp, reveals the reasonableness and limitations.更多还原