【作者】 张昊；

【导师】 刘志强；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 市政工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在宾馆类建筑中,给水系统的能耗占总能耗的15%左右。因此,二次加压泵组的耗能,应成为宾馆节能研究的重点问题。目前国内关于二次供水用户用水量、用水量变化规律等方面的测试和研究很少,而二次供水泵组的选配、运行的效率及能耗与用水量变化规律有直接的关系。本课题以两栋宾馆为研究对象,在二者的自来水、热水、中水系统的相应管道上安装流量计,对用水规律进行实时监测,进而对泵组进行优化设计和优化运行,使优化结果能更好的与建筑的实际用水情况相匹配,达到节水节能的目的。通过监测自来水系统、热水系统及中水系统的用水量变化规律,分别探究三种系统的高日和平均日的用水量变化规律,发现:自来水系统存在早中晚三个高峰,早晚高峰用水量分别占日用水量的1/3,而热水系统则存在早晚两个高峰。自来水系统及中水系统中,早上7点出现流量最大小时的频率最大,而热水系统的最大小时流量最易发生在21时和22时。通过对比最大小时用水与高日高时用水的差异,得到“高日高时用水并非系统最大一小时的用水量”的结论。通过对比设计秒流量与瞬时流量的差异,提出了根据设计秒流量作为系统最大设计流量的片面性。通过研究节假日及入住率对日用水量的影响发现:非工作日的用水更加分散,而工作日用水相对集中;随着入住率的增加,日用水量也呈现出增加的趋势。通过对宾馆用水量的实时监测,为宾馆供水系统的设计与设备的运行提供科学的依据;同时可以减少宾馆酒店在运营过程中的能源浪费和经济支出,能进一步促进节能建筑的发展,在建筑节水节能方面具有良好的应用前景。根据监测到的用水情况进行设计优化和运行优化,制定出更加符合实际用水情况的供水方案。依据流量的逐时变化规律优化泵组的运行,采用大小水泵交替运行的自动控制方式,同时配以小型气压罐,达到全时流量泵组的高效运行,给水系统的能耗可以降低26.1%,可以为同类型的建筑给水系统的设计和运行提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the hotel building, about 15% of the total energy consumption is depleted by the water supply system. Therefore, energy consumption of the secondary pressure pump package enjoys top priority in energy conservation. Currently, test and research in progress on water consumption of secondary water supply users and its variation are advancing behind schedule. Significantly, option and match of secondary water pumps, together with operational efficiency and consumption bears direct relationship to water consumption variation.This paper was written based on research with two hotels serving as object. Both hotels have been installed with flow meters in the corresponding pipelines of water supply, hot water, reclaimed water systems, by which real-time monitoring of water law has been carried out and thus to optimize the pump package design and operation, promising a perfect match of optimization results and actual use of water to achieve the purpose of saving water and energy.By monitoring variation of domestic water supply system, hot water system and reclaimed water system as well as exploring high and average daily water consumption, it is found that domestic water supply system has three peaks, namely, morning, noontime and evening; peaks in morning and evening occupy 1/3 of daily water consumption. There exist two peaks in the morning and evening separately in hot water system. Domestic water supply system and reclaimed water system witness the maximum hours frequency at7:00 am, while the maximum hour flow of hot water systems most occurs between 21:00 and 22:00.Through analyzing the differences between the maximum hours water consumption and high hour in high water consumption day, it can be concluded that, high hour in high water consumption day is not necessarily the hour of largest amount water consumption. Via comparing design second-flow and instantaneous flow, boundedness of proposing design second-flow as the maximum design flow in system. By means of studying the impact exerted by the holidays and the occupancy rate on daily water consumption, it is discovered that water consumption tends to be dispersed more on non-working days and relatively concentrated on working days. As occupancy rate increases, daily water consumption presents a growing trend.Real-time monitoring on water consumption in hotel serves to provide scientific testimony for designing water supply system and function of equipment. Besides, it helps to reduce energy dissipation as well as economic expenditure in hotel operation to further promote the development of energy-efficient buildings. Still, it promises a good application prospects in water and energy conservation in buildings.According to actual state of water consumption monitored, design and operation are able to be optimized, meanwhile, more realistic scheme on water supply will be developed. The optimization of pumps operation based on hour variation of flow, together with adopting automatic control mode that big pumps as well as small ones run alternately, accompanied by a small pressure tank, ensures a full-time efficient operation of flow pump package, depressing energy consumption of water supply systems by 26.1%. Therefore, it provides a reference for building of same type in terms of design and operation of water supply systems.更多还原