【作者】 王珏；

【导师】 杨美传；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 我国国民经济的快速增长和科学技术的不断进步,带动了城市轨道的发展。轨道交通在运营过程中,因运营线路的特殊性,列车需频繁启动、制动,且因两个站台之间的距离较短,需较大的列车制动减速度。踏面制动是轨道交通主要的制动方式,因此要求踏面制动单元具备极高的稳定性和安全性。在列车实施制动过程中,踏面制动单元安装接口处的联接螺栓易出现失效问题。因此,踏面制动单元安装接口是否安全是列车能否安全实施制动的一个重要因素。针对这种情况,需对踏面制动单元的安装接口进行可靠性分析和研究。在总结国内外安装接口技术与机械结构可靠性设计发展状况的基础上,结合本论文所需解决的问题,选用合适的方案对踏面制动单元安装接口进行研究分析。踏面制动单元与转向架构架之间通过螺栓相连。列车制动,踏面制动单元受多载荷作用,其将受到的载荷传递给联接螺栓。因此,对踏面制动单元安装接口分析时需考虑多种载荷因素的影响。由于切应力是引起材料屈服强度的主要因素,为简化计算模型,本文主要研究了螺栓所受的切向力作用。基于偏心受剪螺栓的计算模型并结合旋转中心理论,分析踏面制动单元安装接口的受力情况,从而确定安装接口受力预计算的理论方法。基于有限元仿真方法建立踏面制动单元安装接口的三维模型,根据TB/T 3058-2002,对踏面制动单元在不同工况下的受力进行设定,模拟踏面制动单元安装接口的实际受载情况。通过对踏面制动单元安装接口模型进行静强度分析和瞬态分析,对比各种工况下,联接螺栓处的应力云图。结果表明,踏面制动单元安装接口是安全可靠的。根据应力-强度干涉模型,用蒙特卡洛模拟法计算安装接口在不同工况下的应力和强度之间的关系,分析安装接口的可靠性。通过可靠度的计算,即可判断安装接口是安全可靠的。结合理论分析和有限元仿真两种方法,分别对螺栓组和止挡结构进行受力分析,确定螺栓的最优个数、最优布局和止挡的最优位置,为踏面制动单元安装接口的实际设计提供参考作用。同时,运用MATLAB的GUI界面,进行人机交互界面设计,设置联接螺栓主要参数、无止挡踏面制动单元和有止挡踏面制动单元三个模块,针对不同情况的安装接口进行受力情况的预计算,实现参数化的设计。用户只需在相应的界面中输入相关参数,即可判定安装接口的可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the growth of national economy and technology in our country, the urban rail have developed continuously. As the special operation of the line, the train needs to start and brake frequently. The train also needs a larger train braking deceleration because of its short distance between the platforms. Tread brake is the main mode of urban rail brake, therefore, the tread brake unit is required to have high stability and safety. The joint bolts which connect the tread brake unit and bogie frame may lose efficacy when braking. The safety and reliability of the connection interface between the tread brake unit and bogie frame is an important factor for the safety of the train. In light of this situation, it is necessary to analyze and research the reliability of the installation interface of tread brake unit.This paper introduces the development of installation interface technology and the reliability design of mechanical structure at home and abroad. Combined with the problems that need to be solved in this paper, a suitable method is chosen to study the installation interface of the tread brake unit.The tread brake unit and the bogie frame are connected by bolts. The tread brake unit is subjected to multiple loads when braking, and the load is transmitted to the connecting bolts. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of various load factors on the analysis of the installation interface. As the shear stress is the main factor that causes the yield strength of the material, in this paper, the tangential force of the bolt is mainly studied. Through the calculation model of eccentric shear bolt combined with the rotation center theory, the connection interface is analyzed.The 3D model is established based on the finite element simulation method, and the different forces are setted according to TB/T 3058-2002. Then the actual stress condition of the installation interface is studied. The static strength analysis and transient analysis are carried out, then the stress of the connecting bolts are compared under different conditions. The results show that the interface of the tread brake unit is safe and reliable.Using the stress-strength interference model, the relationship between stress and strength in different condition is calculated by the method of Monte Carlo. Then the reliability of installation interface is analysed. Through the calculation of reliability, you can determine whether the installation interface is safe and reliable.The stress of installation interface is analysed by theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, then the optimal number and placement of bolts and the optimal position of the hardstop are determined. Human-computer interaction interface is designed by MATLAB GUI interface. This interface consists of three modules:the main parameters of the joint bolts, the tread brake unit without hardstop and the tread brake unit with hardstop. It can pre-calculate the force condition of the connection interface in different situations and realize the parametric design. Users only need to input related parameters in the corresponding interface, they can determine the reliability of the connection interface.更多还原