【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 杨元刚；

【作者基本信息】 湖北大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 二十世纪出现的语篇语言学使人们对语言的研究扩展到篇章层次。1976年,Halliday和Hasan合著的Cohesion in English(《英语的衔接》)一书的出版,标志着衔接理论的创立。Halliday和Hasan归纳了五种主要的衔接手段:照应,省略,替代,连接和词汇衔接。前四种为语法衔接手段,后一种是词汇衔接手段。后来,一些学者对衔接理论作了修正和扩充,使它在翻译研究中的作用也不断凸显。因为每种语言都有其特殊的方式来传达人与事物之间的关系,所以,在翻译过程中,译者不能忽视语篇衔接方式的重要性。从语篇语言学的角度来分析翻译问题,可以在语言结构的更高层次上处理信息再现的问题。而衔接作为语篇性的七个标准之一,是理解语篇的基础。衔接手段是一种语义联系,使得语篇跟非语篇区别开来。本研究以韩礼德语篇衔接理论为基础,选取了老舍的《骆驼祥子》这一经典著作及其两个英译本(施晓菁译本和EvanKing译本)为对比语料,以《骆驼祥子》中语篇衔接手段实例为出发点,旨在探讨老舍在《骆驼祥子》中使用了哪些衔接手段?在汉英翻译过程中,施晓菁和Evan King分别是如何处理《骆驼祥子》中语篇衔接手段的?为使译文连贯、通顺和流畅,译者要考虑到目的语和源语在造就语篇连贯时所使用的不同的衔接手段,在翻译时注意选择和调整,在译文中选择贴切手段再现原文的衔接关系。根据具体的实例对比分析,本研究发现在小说《骆驼祥子》中,五种衔接手段都有体现,即照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接。其次,两位译者施晓菁和EvanKing基本上采取了四种翻译技巧来处理《骆驼祥子》中的衔接手段,即保留、转换、省略和增加。而在具体翻译过程中,Evan King和施晓菁大部分采取了保留的方法,即将源语中的衔接手段译成目的语中对应的衔接手段,这一点可以从翻译词汇衔接和搭配中体现出来,但在翻译其它衔接手段如省略时,Evan King更倾向于转换和增加。在分析完《骆驼祥子》中的衔接手段以及两位译者的翻译技巧后,本研究还解释了两位译者采取翻译方法异同的原因。首先,从译者偏向的翻译技巧来看,施晓菁译本和Evan King译本都偏重保留原文衔接手段,因为两位译者都比较注重对原文的忠实性。而相比施晓菁译本,Evan King译本更倾向采用转换及增加等技巧,因为Evan强调创造性及目的语读者对文章的可接受性。从英汉语言的差异来看,英语属于形合语言,更加注重句子语法和结构的完整,而汉语属于意合语言,更注重意义连接。所以在汉译英的过程中,为了保证译文衔接手段的完整,译者在保留源语衔接手段的同时,有时需要采用转换或增加等手段。除此之外,汉语民族注重主体思维而英语民族注重逻辑和客体思维的这种认知方式的差异也会对英汉语篇衔接手段的差异及翻译方法的选择产生影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appearance of text linguistics in the 20th century expands the research on language to the textual level.The publication of Cohesion in English co-authored by Halliday and Hasan in 1976 marked the establishment of the cohesion theory,in which Halliday and Hasan summarized five cohesive devices,namely the grammatical devices which include reference,ellipsis,substitution,conjunction,and the lexical devices.Later,some scholars have revised and expanded the cohesion theory which makes it play an increasingly important role in translation study.Each language has its special features;as a result,translators can’t ignore the importance of textual cohesion in the process of translation.Research on translation from the perspective of text linguistics makes it possible to deal with the reoccurrence of information on a higher level of language structure.Cohesion,as one of the seven criteria of textuality,is the basis to comprehend a text and cohesive device is a semantic relation,distinguishing a text from a non-text.According to Hallidayan cohesion theory,the present study has collected some data from the two English versions of Luotuo Xiangzi(Shi Xiaojing’s version and Evan King’s version),and tried to explore which cohesive devices are adopted in this novel as well as how do two translators cope with these cohesive devices.To make the translations smooth and coherent,translators have to consider different cohesive devices adopted in the source text and in the target text.According to the analyses of examples selected in the texts,it can be seen that in the novel Luotuo Xiangzi,all five cohesive devices can be found,namely,reference,ellipsis,substitution,conjunction,and the lexical devices.Besides,basically the two translators have chosen four translation techniques such as preservation,transformation,omission and addition.In translating cohesive devices,both translators mainly use preservation,namely,rendering the cohesive devices in the source text into their English equivalents.Examples can be found in translation of lexical cohesion and collocation.However,while translating other cohesive devices such as ellipsis,compared with Shi Xiaojing,Evan King relatively prefers transformation and addition.After the analyses of cohesive devices in Luotuo Xiangzi and translation techniques employed by the two translators,the present study has made some explanations to investigate the similarities and differences between two translators in the application of these translation methods.To begin with,from the perspective of translators’ preferences,both Ms Shi and Evan King like to preserve the original cohesive devices because they emphasize the faithfulness to the source text.Compared with Ms Shi,Evan favors transformation or addition because he pays attention to creativity and acceptability of the target readers.Furthermore,as English language is hypotactic,English grammar and structure are very important for the understanding of a text while Chinese language is paratactic which attaches more importance to semantic meanings,then to ensure the completion of cohesive devices,sometimes translators have to add or omit some devices in C-E translation.Besides,different thinking patterns lead to different choices.The subjective thinking patterns of Chinese people and objective and logical thinking patterns of English people exert great influence on the differences of cohesive devices and translation methods.更多还原