【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 吴国雄；

【作者基本信息】 重庆交通大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【副题名】以公路和铁道工程为例

【摘要】 近年来,随着中国与世界各国经济往来越来越频繁,中国工程企业也在积极拓展海外市场,海外工程承包规模逐步扩大,无论是新签合同额、营业额都呈逐年迅速增长态势,同时,中国企业对外承包工程的规模和档次也在不断提高。然而,就我国在海外的工程项目建设来看:一是承接国际工程的总体份额较少;二是承接的海外工程项目在实施后利润较低,也不乏巨亏的例子。究其原因,对招标文件研读和理解不够是重要因素。这就直接导致了参与投标的工程企业的投标竞争力不强,有时即使竞标成功也会因在投标过程中没有充分理解合同条款而在项目实施过程中举步维艰。因此,有必要对招标文件的研读方法展开研究。本文着重对国际工程招标程序、招标文件组成及解读要点进行深入研究,具体内容如下:第一,通过中铁波兰公路项目和中铁建沙特麦加轻轨项目两个具体案例的探讨,总结了中国建筑企业在海外失利的主要原因和准确理解招标文件的重要性;第二,介绍国际工程招标程序,从刊登广告或发邀请函、资格预审,到发售招标文件、投标、开标、评标、决标并签订合同等,了解了国际工程招标程序中各步骤主要作用;第三,分析国际工程招标文件构成,包括投标邀请书、投标人须知、合同条款、技术规范、图纸、工程量清单、投标函、投标担保、补充资料表以及合同协议书等,获悉了深度解读国际工程招标文件各部分的主要内容的方法;第四,用具体案例分析获得了国际工程招标文件的解读要点,涵盖招标文件中各部分的关联性、对投标人资格审查的基本要求、对投标文件格式、签署及密封包装方面的要求、评标规定(办法)、合同总类、工程量表的编制体系和方法、永久性工程外项目的报价要求、合同是否指定分包商、合同是否有调价条款、误期赔偿费和缺陷责任期的有关规定、担保的要求、保险方面的规定、付款条件、税费、汇率、技术规范和图纸、工程量清单、对报价影响较大的其它因素、以及招标文件中有关承包商风险的内容等。总之,中国的建筑企业在对海外工程项目的投标过程中,应做到以下几点:充分了解国内招投标和国外招投标的区别;仔细研读招标文件蕴含的内容;充分利用现场勘查和市场调研,同时注重培养复合型人才。本研究对投标人准确计算投标报价、提高投标竞争力、有效规避和管理工程潜在风险有一定的借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the growing cooperation between China and other economies in the world over the past years,China’s overseas contractors have made bold endeavors in the international construction market and have made fruitful achievements: Contracting is rising on scale annually in terms of the number and type of contracts and turnover.However,the share of the international construction market by Chinese contractors is relatively small,characterized by low competitiveness at the bidding stage,low profit and sometimes even suffering great loss during execution of the works,which for one reason is due to inadequate understanding of the bidding documents.Thus,it is of great necessity to carry out a detailed study of bidding documents for international projects.This thesis focuses on the study of international bidding procedure,composition and analysis of international bidding documents,as is detailed in the following:Firstly,to summarize the causes of failure incurred by Chinese contractors overseas and point out the importance of accurate understanding of bidding documents by two cases: a motorway project in Poland and a railway project in Mecca.Secondly,to introduce the international bidding procedure and understand the purpose of each step involved,including bidding notice or invitation,prequalification,issuing bidding documents,bid submission,bid opening,bid evaluation,bid awarding and signing of contract agreement.Thirdly,to analyze the composition and content of international bidding documents,including bid invitation,instruction to bidders,conditions of contract,specifications,drawings,bill of quantities,form of bid,bid security,supplementary information and contract agreement.Fourthly,to find out the key parts of bidding documents to be studied by bidders,covering the correlation of different parts,prequalification requirements,signing and marking of bid,bid evaluation criteria,types of contract,method of making bill of quantities,quotation on works other than permanent,nominated subcontractor,price adjustment,liquidated damages,defect liability period,securities,insurance,method of payment,taxes,currency,technical requirements and drawings,bill of quantities,other factors influencing tender price,as well as other clauses involving higher risks for bidders.By the above detailed study,this thesis concludes that China’s overseas contractors should do well in the following aspects before bidding an international project: adequate understanding of the difference between domestic and foreign bidding,careful study of bidding documents,full investigation of the site of the project and market for materials and equipment,and cultivation of management talent.This research is of some value for bidders to accurately calculate their bid price,raise competitiveness in international bidding,and predict and mitigate potential risks at the bidding stage.更多还原