【作者】 王宏；

【导师】 王海英；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 应用心理学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会的不断进步和发展,看似人与人之间的交往变得疏离起来,可是实际上却是愈加的紧密,伴随着这种交往程度的加深,人际关系中也会出现各种问题,这些问题也越来越被人们关切和重视。人际关系是指在人与人相互交往的过程中而建立起来的直接心理联系,而人际关系困扰是在这种关系中感受到的不良的情绪体验。乐观人格是先天和后天形成的一种人格品质,具有个体差异性,具体表现个体在环境中的不同的适应能力。社会支持作为一种外在的资源,可以为在处于不利情景中的个体提供包括物质和精神两种帮助,而且在本研究中将社会支持分为主观支持,客观支持以及支持利用这三个方面进行研究分析。以往研究发现乐观人格和社会支持均能降低环境刺激和人际关系困扰问题对个体的不良影响,而且目前诸多学者也对高中生人际关系困扰问题给予了越来越多的关注和探讨,因此,本研究主要从乐观人格和社会支持两个方面度对高中生人际关系困扰进行了研究。从而进一步建构社会支持在乐观人格和人际关系困扰之间的中介模型。本研究采用《乐观人格量表(OPS)》、《社会支持评定量表(SSRS)》与《人际关系困扰综合诊断量表》、对吉林省长春市高中选取共633名学生进行了问卷调查研究,意在考察乐观人格、社会支持与人际关系困扰问题的现状以及三者之间的关系。结果如下：1.高中生人际关系困扰得分处于中等偏上水平,表明高中生存在一些人际困扰问题。在异性朋友方面男生显著的好于女生,在交友交际方面女生显著的好于男生。在与人交谈方面城市显著的好于农村,并且发现高三存在的人际关系困扰显著的高于高一。2.高中生乐观人格处于中等偏上水平。在性别、是否独生子女、生源地上不存在显著差异,可是在年级上存在显著差异且高一乐观人格显著高于高三。3.高中生社会支持水平处于中等偏下水平。在性别,生源地上不存在显著差异,在独生子女方面存在显著差异且非独生子女的社会支持水平显著的高于独生子女。4.高中生乐观人格、社会支持都和人际关系困扰存在显著的负相关。5.社会支持在乐观人格与人际关系困扰之间存在显著的中介效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous progress and development of society,it seems that the contact between people is becoming more distant,but actually it is more and more close in daily life.Along with the deepening of the communication,there will be a variety of problems in the interpersonal relationships,and these problems are getting more and more concerns and attentions.Interpersonal relationship is a direct psychological relationship formed in the process of interaction between people,while the negative emotional experience in this relationship is called interpersonal disturbance.Optimistic personality is one kind of personality quality of both congenital and acquired.It has individual differences shown as different adaptive abilities in the same environment.As an external resource,social support can provide assistance to individuals who are at a disadvantage both physically and spiritually.In this research,social support is divided into three aspects:the subjective support, the objective support and the operating factor of the support.Previous studies have shown that both optimistic personality and social support can reduce the adverse effects of environmental stimuli and interpersonal disturbance on individuals,and many researchers have paid more and more attention to the problem of senior high school students’interpersonal disturbance nowadays.Thus this research studied the senior high school students’interpersonal disturbance mainly from two aspects:the optimistic personality and the social support, in order to construct the mediation model of the social support in the optimistic personality and interpersonal disturbance.This research used 《Optimistic Personality Scale (OPS)》 and 《Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS)》 to test 633 senior high school students in Changchun, Jilin Province, in order to find out the current situation of optimistic personality, social support and interpersonal disturbance, then figure out their relationships. The results are as follows:1.The score of senior high school students’interpersonal disturbance is at the moderate to upper level, it means that senior high school students have some interpersonal disturbances. In the aspect of opposite sex friend, boys do significantly better than girls, while in the aspect of making friends and communication, girls do significantly better than boys, when talking to others, students from cities do significantly better than students from rural areas. And the students in grade three have more interpersonal disturbances than the students in grade one.2.The score of senior high school students’optimistic personality is at the moderate to upper level. In the aspects of gender, whether the only child or not and the place of origin, there are not significant differences among the students. However, there are significant differences in the aspects of grades, and the students in grade one are significantly better than the students in grade three.3.Social support of senior high school students are in a moderate to inferior level. In the aspects of gender and the place of origin, there are not significant differences among the students. While in the aspect of whether the only child or not there are significant differences: the level of social support of the non-only child is significantly higher than that of the only child.4. Senior high school students’ social support, optimistic personality and interpersonal disturbance are significantly negatively correlated.5.The mediating effect of social support in the optimistic personality and interpersonal disturbance was significant.更多还原