【作者】 贾长红；

【导师】 刘强；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 自制教具是指教师或学生根据教学内容自己构思设计和自己动手制作的教具。自制教具的材料和制作工艺有很多；本文以人教版高中生物必修模块为教学内容,用磁性橡胶片(磁片)为主材,其他材料为辅材；遵循自制教具设计的基本原则,通过教学设计(功能)→教具设计(结构)→选择材料→加工试用→检查修改→修饰说明等基本步骤,设计制作了17套磁片教具。在自制教具的实际应用中,选取教材五部分教学内容作为案例开展教学活动,课程结束后对教学效果进行问卷调查。调查结果显示：1.学生很喜欢自制磁片教具的直观形象、组合模拟、鲜艳美观,尤其是立体磁片教具。2.对学生学习能力影响较大的是加深理解知识,其次是引起更多想象,再次是主动思考分析。3.教学方式深受学生喜爱,学生与教师操作磁片教具并重,学生操作可增强成就感。4.大多数学生希望自己制作磁片教具和利用磁片教具在小组内探索知识。5.文科学生在自制磁片教具的接受、操作使用和推测思考的难度比理科学生稍大。通过本项研究,总结出一套自制磁片教具及其应用的基本方法和步骤：模拟呈现部分事实→观察分析事实→联想推理未知→模拟展示交流→模拟再现新知。并对应用自制教具的教学提出以下几点建议：1.自制磁片教具的设计和制作,师生要共同参与。2.设计和使用时充分考虑学生思维推理的空间和模拟实现。3.使用时以学生展示为活动主体,教师说明演示为介绍主体。4.以自制磁片教具促进自制磁片学具的发展。5.通过自制磁片教具和学具的使用,改变教学模式。6.信息技术与自制磁片教具相结合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Self-made teaching aids refer to the teachers or students making teaching aids by themselves according to their conceptual design of teaching content. There are a lot of materials and production process on self-made teaching aids:Based on the compulsory modules contents of PEP biology for high schools, which using magnetic rubber sheet (disk) as the main material and other auxiliary materials. Follow the basic principles of self-made teaching aids design, the teachers have designed the 17 sets of disk aids by teaching design (function), design (structure) choosing materials, processing trial, modification and other basic steps.In the practical application of self-made teaching aids, the teacher selected the five parts of teaching contents as a case from the teaching material to carry out teaching activities, and the questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate teaching effect after the course.The results show that:1. The students like the self-magnetic teaching aids’ intuitive image, combination of simulation, bright and beautiful, especially the three-dimensional aids.2. It has a greater influence on the learning ability of students is to deepen understanding of knowledge, the second is associated with more imagination, the last is initiative thinking analysis.3. Students loved the teaching method. Students and teachers operated on aids and it can enhance students’sense of accomplishment.4. Most of the students hope to make their own disk and they want to search for knowledge by the self-made magnetic teaching aids in a group.5. The liberal arts students’acceptance, operation, and speculation on the self-made magnetic aids is more difficult than science students.Through the study, the teacher summed up a set of self-made disk and its application of the basic methods and steps:simulation showing some unknown facts, observation analysis, associating reasoning, simulation display communication and simulation presenting new knowledge.The teacher put forward the teaching suggestions on the application of self-made teaching aids as follows:1. Design and production of self-made teaching aids, teachers and students should participate in together.2. The teachers should consider students’thinking reasoning space and simulation implementation fully during the design and use.3. The teachers should consider regarding students’ performance as the main part in the activity and teachers’demonstration as main introduction when they used it.4. Self-made teaching aids can promote the development of teaching aids.5. It can help to change teaching mode through the use of self-made magnetic aids and teaching aids. 6. Information technology should combine with self-made magnetic teaching aids.更多还原