【作者】 马勇；

【导师】 葛壮志；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 国际法学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 经济全球化把世界连成了一个统一的整体,经济交往越来越多的同时摩擦也越来越多,为此世界贸易组织建立了以反倾销、反补贴、保障措施为核心的贸易争端解决机制。长久以来,反倾销一直是应用最多的贸易争端手段,但随着国际贸易形式的改变,尤其是自从美国对中国展开反补贴调查,打开了对非市场经济国家可以开展反补贴调查的先河以来,反补贴的适用异军突起,呈现出愈演愈烈之势,反补贴调查的数量越来越多,特别是针对中国的反补贴调查越来越多。而且在众多的反补贴调查案件当中呈现出一个共同的特点：作为反补贴调查的核心——计算补贴利益的基准越来越多的采用外部基准。这必须要引起我们对于反补贴的重视,只有选择正确的计算基准才能计算出准确的补贴利益,但现实情况是对于外部基准没有统一的国际标准,其具体的使用缺乏合理的依据,也导致许多国家借此对外部基准作出对自己有利的解释,产生了许多不公平的现象。针对这种情况,本文通过对外部基准的实践情况、可能的理论依据对外部基准展开研究分析,并结合我国所面临的一些外部基准情况提出自己的意见与看法。本文分为序言、正文和结语三个部分,其中正文又分为五个部分。第一部分反补贴外部基准概述。本部分首先是外部基准的发展历史,介绍了外部基准的产生发展过程；接着是外部基准的内涵,解释什么是外部基准；然后介绍了国内基准,通过两者的比较来进一步认识外部基准；最后,分析比较了反补贴外部基准与反倾销替代国价格,两者有很多相似之处,通过比较可以我国应对反补贴外部基准提供一定的借鉴。第二部分反补贴外部基准的法律规定。先是《补贴与反补贴措施协议》,在此协议中虽然没有对外部基准作出明确的规定,但是相关的法律条款还是为外部基准提供法律空间。再次,《中国入世议定书》可能是现今WTO协议下唯一明确规定外部基准的国际文书,必须认识。最后介绍了美国对于反补贴外部基准的规定,美国作为世界经济大国,其很早就提出了外部基准,其理论实践经验最为丰富,值得深入研究。第三部分反补贴外部基准的典型案例。本部分介绍开启了适用外部基准的美加第四软木案和对我国影响重大的中美双反措施案。通过分析案件当事方以及专家组和上诉机构对于外部基准不同态度的的理由与依据,从而对外部基准的产生与发展有更为深刻的理解与认识。第四部分反补贴外部基准的问题与改进。主要介绍了外部基准的现状和归纳总结现阶段存在的问题,针对这些问题针对性的提出了解决建议。还介绍分析了外部基准的最新发展动态和发展趋势。第五部分反补贴外部基准对中国的影响与应对策略。分析了外部基准对我国的影响,结合我国的现状和所面临的外部基准形势提出意见与建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Economic Globalization is making the world becoming a unity one, but there is too many conflict while the communication growing in economy zone, and this is why WTO build a Trade dispute settlement mechanism based on anti-dumping、countervailing and safeguard measure and so on.For a long time, anti-dunping is the most used trade dispute settlement measure, recently, countervailing measure also attracted the attention, espcially USA take countervailing investigation action for China production and open the countervailing investigation door for non-economy country, and China stay a place where the wind and waves are highest.Take a carefully look, we will find a pattern:as the core of counntervailing investigation alternative benchmark is becoming frequent calculate benchmark, we must pay enough attention for this situation, because only a appropriate benchmark can calculate right subsidy interest. Unfortunately, alternative benchmark do not have international standards and legal basis, some country abused discretion and caused chaos.According to this circumstance, in this article analyzed the practice situation and the probably theory basis, and provide some advices in combination with China condition.This article is composed of three parts, the main body is divided into five chapters.Part Ⅰ General describe about countervailing alternative benchmark. In this part,first introduce the his story of the alternative benchmark.second,the definition of alternative benchmark;then introduce the general benchmark when calculate subsidy interest;last,make a comparative analysis between countervailing alternative benchmark and anti-dumping alternative price.Part Ⅱ the legal basis of cuntervailing alternative benchmark.the most important one is SCM agreenment,although SCM agreement do not have a clearly defition about countervailing alternative benchmark,but this is the legal resource of countervailing alternative benchmark. And we have fully undershanding of China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization, this is the only one legal textbook which defition cuntervailing alternative benchmark so far. Then introduces US research achievement in this field.Part Ⅲ typical case about countervailing alternative benchmark.two cases——US and canada soft-lumber IV and Sino-US Anti-Dumping and Countervaling Duties Disputes,after analysis this two cases we can have a deep understanding of countervailing alternative benchmark.Part Ⅳ the issues and the improvement of countervailing alternative benchmark. in this section introduce the current situation and problem of countervailing alternative benchmark, article make a suggestion to solve those problem. And talked about the latest trend of countervailing alternative benchmark.Part Ⅴ China’s stratey to cope with countervailing alternative benchmark.according to China’s situation provide advices to deal with countervailing alternative benchmark.更多还原