【作者】 刘莉；

【导师】 樊杰；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以柏拉图笔下的苏格拉底的爱欲生死为原型,通过文本细读还原柏拉图教化哲学中爱欲与死亡的本质,进而探寻一条建立在和谐身心关系基础上的教化之路。柏拉图通过对苏格拉底爱欲的记录,描绘出了一条爱欲不断上升的道路:从爱一个美的身体到爱所有美的身体再到爱美的灵魂,经由健康的生活方式得以学习纯粹知识,进而上升到爱美本身。本文以苏格拉底与俊美青年阿尔喀比亚德之间的关系为原型,探究分析柏拉图笔下爱的本质乃是对美好事物的恒久热望,渴望永远拥有美好但又始终无法得到,因而只能恒久地处于热望之中。哲人的最高爱欲乃是对智慧的追求,智慧的获得需要以纯粹的灵魂来观照事物本身,因而对于追求智慧而言,身体就成了一种障碍,因此爱智慧就要求灵魂尽量避免来自身体的干扰,而这就是趋近死亡。死亡就是身体与灵魂的分离,面向死亡身体将迅速腐朽,而灵魂却因其不朽而走向另一个世界。本文在阐释苏格拉底之所以安然地选择了正义地面对不公正的死亡判决,并非因为对生的无爱,而是出于对哲学对美善的爱早已超越了生死,揭示苏格拉底之死的教化意义在于劝告活着的世人应善待自己的灵魂,向死而生,在爱中过有省察的生活。柏拉图的教化之路就在于:死亡是对最高爱欲的成全;认识死亡是人之为人的起点,向死而生才是其教化的真谛,而如何更好地生,实则就是爱欲的上升问题。这样的一条教化之路,是从身体之爱开始、以纯粹灵魂之爱告终。柏拉图教化之路的意义就在于启示当下生命教育应重新审视身体与灵魂的关系,并应保持健康的生活方式、通过培养对美好事物的爱欲,来引领孩子合理认识生命、积极阳光地走进生活。更多还原

【Abstract】 By taking Socrates’ eros,and death from Plato’s portrait of him as a prototype,the thesis restores the true essence of eros and death in Plato’s philosophy of paideia,therefore tries to build a path to good paideia based on a harmonious body-soul relation.The thesis bases on the relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades,and investigates thoroughly that the essence of eros is the permanent avidity of goodness,that is,one’s aspiration to have the goodness forever which is unavailable all along,therefore one has to live in a permanent avidity. The thesis also clarifies the ascending path of eros: from loving a beautiful body to all beautiful bodies and finally to loving a beautiful soul; from pursuing a healthy lifestyle to learning pure knowledge,and finally ascending to love beauty itself. By contrasting common people’s eros and Scoreates’ eros,the author concludes that pursuing a good life is more important than living. Therefore,one should treat his or her soul well and live a self-examined life.The greatest eros of philosopher is to pursue wisdom,while the acquisition of wisdom depends on pure soul to observe the things themselves. Consequently,body becomes a kind of obstacle for those who pursue wisdom. Then,lovers of wisdom require that soul should think independently without the disturbance of body,which means the approach of death. Death is the departure between body and soul,and body will be perished soon when one dies,while the soul will go to another world as it is immortal. The thesis takes Socrates’ death as an example and illustrates that the reason for Socrates to face unjust death sentence safely was not his lack of love for life,but because his pursuit of goodness had transcended life and death. The thesis also indicates that the significance of Socrates’ death is to advocate the living people to face death prudently,and live in the way being towards death.Plato’s path to paideia is that: death is the fulfillment of greatest eros; to understand death is the start-point of making man a man,being towards death is the true essence of his indoctrination; how to live a better life is in fact the question of how eros ascends. Such a path to paideia begins with the love of body and ends with the love of pure soul. The significance of Plato’s path of paideia is to enlighten us that the current life-education should re-examine the relationship between body and soul,and advocates us to keep a healthy lifestyle and cultivate the eros of goodness,therefore to guide the children to comprehend and live a positive life.更多还原