【作者】 张聪；

【导师】 孙海顺；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 电气工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着能源危机和环境的日益恶化,电动汽车得到了大力发展,而规模化电动汽车的接入必然会给电网带来很大的影响。规模化电动汽车的无序充电将会引起负荷过载、增大电压偏移等问题,而有序控制则可以实现负荷转移甚至是向电网反馈电能,提高电网的安全性与经济性。因此,规模化电动汽车接入对电网的影响及应用是个值得研究的问题。本文通过电动汽车负荷建模、电网对电动汽车适应性、电动汽车可调度容量等内容展开研究工作,主要研究工作包括:对电动汽车充电负荷的影响因素进行分析,分别利用概率统计及马尔科夫链的方法研究了用户的出行规律,从概率学角度研究了一种基于蒙特卡洛模拟的规模化电动汽车充电负荷预测方法。随后对无序充电、分时电价、智能充电等三种充电策略进行了研究,分别建立了以平滑负荷波动为目标和以弃风量最小为目标的智能充电数学模型,并进行了算例模拟,验证了模型的有效性。针对电动汽车规模化接入给电网所带来的影响,研究了一种配电网对规模化电动汽车接入的适应性评估方法。首先基于电动汽车的概率负荷,通过潮流计算得到配电网的概率潮流,然后从网络负荷、网络损耗、电压偏移、电动汽车最大允许接入规模等四个方面评估配电网的适应性,并比较了不同充电策略下电动汽车负荷对配电网的影响,该方法可为电动汽车接入电网规模和配电网规划运行提供依据。在此基础上,针对电动汽车具有为电网提供辅助服务的潜能,分析了电动汽车参与电网调控的运行模式,综合考虑用户需求以及电池寿命等约束,分别针对V1G和V2G控制模式提出了相应的规模化电动汽车的实时可调度容量评估方法。该容量评估方法可用于电动汽车参与电网调峰调频等辅助服务,具有一定的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the deterioration of environment and the crisis of energy, electric vehicles have been developed greatly, and the integration of the large-scale electric vehicles to the grid inevitably will have a great impact on power system. The dunb charging of large-scale electric vehicles will cause problems such as overload, increasing voltage deviation. While smart charging can transfer load and even discharge to the grid, which can improve the security and economy of power system.So the impacts and utilization of large-scale electric vehicles integration into power grid is worthy of study. This paper gets into the study by modeling the electric vehicle load, researching the adaptability of grid for electric vehicles and electric vehicles schedulable capacity etc. The main research work includes the following content.This paper firstly analyzes the electric vehicle charging load influence factors, and the users travel rule is researched by probability and Markov chain respectively. From the perspective of the probability to research a method to forecase vehicle charging load based on Monte Carlo. Then the dumb charging, TOU price charging, and the smart charging strategy are analyzed separately. Two smart charging models whose goal respectively is to smooth the load fluctuation and reduce the abandoned wind are established. And the simulation verifies the effectiveness of the models.According to the influence of large-scale electric vehicle on power grid, this paper studies a method to evaluat the adaptability of distribution network with large-scale electric vehicles integration. The probability of power flow is calculated based on probabilistic load of electric vehicle. And then the adaptability of distribution network is evaluated from four aspects including the network load, power loss, voltage deviation, and the maximum allowable scale of electric vehicle etc. And the influence of three different charging strategies of electric vehicles on distribution network is compared. This method can provide the basis for the electric vehicle scale accessing to the grid and distribution network planning and operation.Then, according to the electric vehicles have the potential to provide ancillary services to power grid, firstly the operation mode of electric vehicle participating power grid control is analyzed. Then it respectively propose a real-time schedulable capacity evaluation method of large-scale electric vehicle for for V1 G and V2 G control mode, based on user demand and battery life. The schedulable capacity evaluation method of electric vehicles can be used in peak regulation and frequency regulation and other ancillary services, so it has a certain practical value.更多还原