【作者】 杨琳；

【导师】 于振波；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 中国古代史， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 我国古代赦免制度起源于先秦,发展至两汉乃趋成熟,之后为历代王朝所沿用,存在时间长达两千多年。赦免,即以君主或皇帝的名义减免罪犯刑罚,是一项涉及国家法律、政治乃至社会的重要制度。由于史料缺乏,加之历来存在秦“急法不赦”的观点,学界对秦赦免制度的研究尚且薄弱。本文充分利用传世文献和出土简牍,尤其是新近整理出版的《岳麓书院藏秦简(叁)》中两则与秦时赦免相关的案例,着重探讨秦之赦免的概况及其变化。文章在上述相关史料的基础上,梳理了秦各个历史阶段的赦例,这表明秦是有赦免传统的。其时,赦免已经具备大赦、别赦、赦徒和特赦多种形态,秦之统治者实行赦免也已考虑到实边、即位、大丧、改元、灾异、战事等重大因素。“岳麓书院藏秦简相关案例分析”为个案研究,探讨秦之赦免在具体操作中的一些问题。《猩、敞知盗分赃案》在一定程度上显示出秦之赦免的减免效力,如赦后罪犯身份降低但仍可成为封建政权下的自由民。《田与市和奸案》则反映出秦之赦免的追溯时效,即若罪犯在赦前两次或多次犯罪,赦令只对较近的刑罚有效。此时秦之赦免是比较理性的,坚持以“恤刑慎赦“为指导思想。值得注意的是秦之赦免实际上经历了一个从有赦到无赦的变化。这一变化发生在秦统一六国前后,主要由法家思想走向极端化和秦帝国对劳动力的需求所致。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pardon system of ancient China originates in Pre-Qin and develops maturely in Han dynasty, lasting for almost more than two thousand years. It means the punishment of criminals can be remitted by the monarch which has great influence on a nation’s law, politics and even society.But the pardon system of Qin is still seldom discussed due to lack of historical records and the opinion of no amnesty in Qin. This thesis mainly studies the general situation and the change of the pardon system of Qin, using the handed-down literature and the unearthed bamboo slips, especially the two related cases in the newly published Qin Bamboo Slips selected by Yuelu Academy, Vol. Ⅲ.In the thesis, based on the historical records mentioned above, all the amnesty events in different historical stage of Qin are collected, proving that the pardon system does exist in Qin. They’re classified into four types according to the criminals, whether national, partial, or personal. And the monarches of Qin often enact an amnesty when ascending the thron, encountering the death of a sovereign,changing the title of a reign, and facing the natural disaster or battles. Besides, some specific criteria are explored when the pardon system of Qin is carried out, with the two cases in Qin Bamboo Slips selected by Yuelu Academy, Vol. Ⅲ. One is The Crime of Dividing Spoils by Xing and Chang which to some extent shows the law effect of the amnesty. For example, criminals after the amnesty will lost their previous social status but can still be the common people. The other is The Crime of Adultery by Tian and Shi. It indicates that if the criminal in prison commits crimes again, only the latter punishment could be remitted. So the pardon system of Qin, balancing the harsh law and forgiveness, is rational.Under the general situation of the pardon system of Qin, it shows that after Qin Kingdom unites the other six kingdoms and builds the Qin dynasty, it’s monarches seldom grant an amnesty mainly due to the cruelty of the law and the demand for labour in the big empire.更多还原